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B'not Esh - Wikipedia

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B'not Esh ("Daughters of Fire") is a Jewish feminist collective based in the United States that was founded in 1981,^[1] the group sought to define a reconstructed feminist view of the Jewish tradition and defines itself as a Jewish Feminist Spirituality Collective.^[2] The group's basic position is that the Jewish spirituality of women is a political struggle.^[3]

History

According to Judith Plaskow, a founding member of the group, the need for the collective was first identified by American Jewish feminists in 1980, and the planning for the collective first began at the 1980 National Havurah Summer Institute, an event that offered a religious fellowship program for like-minded Jews. As a collective running since the 1980s, B'not Esh inspired many Jewish feminist projects, conferences, books, and other initiatives.^[4] The group's first meeting was held on March 30, 1981, and held in Cornwall-on-Hudson, New York. The meeting became the space for the group's essential activities, and the event has taken place annually since 1983, the same year the group adopted its name "B'not Esh".^[2]

According to Martha Ackelsberg, a founding member, during the early years of the group's existence, the question of Jewish liturgy was highly contested, with some members enthusiastically participating and enjoying an all women's prayer service for the Jewish Sabbath, while others objected to the use of traditional liturgical text that were male-dominated. The conflict led the group to incorporate new elements into the Jewish prayer service including poetry and meditation, as well as modifications to the traditional liturgical language by feminizing the name of God. By 1985, the group's consensus was that many forms of prayer and spirituality would have to be tried to overcome the limits of their traditional Jewish education and upbringing.^[2]

References

^ "B'not Esh Founding Letter". Jewish Women's Archive.
^ ^a ^b ^c Ackelsberg, M. A. (1986). Spirituality, Community, and Politics: B'not Esh and the Feminist Reconstruction of Judaism. Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion, 2(2), 109-120.
^ Plaskow, J. (1995). Spirituality and politics: Lessons from B’not Esh. Tikkun, 10(3), 31-32.
^ "Judith Plaskow". Jewish Women's Archive.

External links

Official website

Women in Judaism

General topics

History	Jewish Women's Congress (1893) 1902 Kosher Meat Boycott 1904 New York City Rent Strike 1906 Tonsil Riots 1907 New York City Rent Strike 1909 Shirtwaist Strike World Congress of Jewish Women (1923, 1929) Women's Torah Project (2003–2010) Women's Siyum HaShas (2020)

Feminism	Jewish feminism Orthodox Israeli Mizrahi

Life cycle events

Marriage	Marriage Matchmaking Marriage contract Marital harmony Head covering Homemaker Ritual purity Ritual immersion Divorce Agunah

Practices and concepts

Gender separation
- Tzniut
- Negiah
- Yichud
Abortion
- In Israel
Birth control
Sexuality
- Homosexuality

Prayer and study	Tkhine Tseno Ureno Partnership minyan Tefillin Barbie Midrasha Mechitza Court of the Women

Religious roles	Rebbetzin Rabbis and Torah scholars Timeline Yoetzet halacha Toanot Rabniyot Scribe Cantor Timeline Firzogerin

Organizations

Historic / defunct	Clara de Hirsch Home Di Vilde Chayes League of Jewish Women (Germany) Jewish League for Woman Suffrage (UK) Women's Orchestra of Auschwitz

Publications	Binah Hadassah Magazine Lilith The American Jewess

Schools	Orthodox Jewish schools for women

Places

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