Ensiklopedia Dunia

Technopedia Center

Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science
S1 Informatics S1 Information Systems S1 Information Technology S1 Computer Engineering S1 Electrical Engineering S1 Civil Engineering

faculty of Economics and Business
S1 Management S1 Accountancy

Faculty of Letters and Educational Sciences
S1 English literature S1 English language education S1 Mathematics education S1 Sports Education

Béroul - Wikipedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Béroul (or Beroul; Norman Berox^[1]) was a Norman or Breton poet of the mid-to-late 12th century. He is usually credited with the authorship of Tristran (sometimes called Tristan), a Norman language version of the legend of Tristan and Iseult, of which just under 4500 verses survive in a manuscript of the 13th century. His name is known only from two references in the text of the poem.^[1]

Tristran is the earliest representation of the "common" or "vulgar" version of the legend (the earliest surviving "courtly" version being Thomas of Britain's).^[2] The first half of Béroul's poem is closely paralleled by and related to Eilhart von Oberge's treatment in German from the same century,^[3] and many of the episodes that appear in Béroul but not Thomas reappear in the later Prose Tristan. Because of its early date, Béroul's Tristran has been used extensively for the purpose of textual criticism, especially in the effort to reconstruct the "Ur-Tristan," the hypothetical first ancestor of all the subsequent Tristan and Iseult Romances.^[4] Stylistically, the poem belongs to the transition in Old French literature from epic to romance.^[5] While not as popular as Gottfried von Strassburg's Tristan, Béroul's text remains widely acclaimed for its style and thematic content.^[6]

Béroul's poem survives in a single manuscript now in the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris, which is missing the first and final sections of the poem. The manuscript also has several lacunae.^[7]^[8] The text's condition is poor—possibly corrupt—and debate over the history of the story's transmission, number of authors, and role of scribes continues.^[9] Modern questions of authorship now center on whether one or two authors are responsible for the majority of the text—claims of multiple authors, fashionable in the beginning of the 20th century, have not gained wide acceptance.^[10]^[11]

Notes

^ ^a ^b Illingworth 2001, p. 4.
^ Lacy 1991, pp. 35–37.
^ Illingworth 2001, p. 3.
^ Beroul 1978, p. 11.
^ Beroul 1978, pp. 25–32.
^ Lacy 1999.
^ Sargent-Baur 2004, p. 335.
^ Beroul 1978, p. 13.
^ Illingworth 2001.
^ Reid 1965.
^ Bédier 2013.

References

Bédier, Joseph (March 2013). "Original Preface by Gaston Paris". The Romance of Tristan and Iseut. Translated by Edward J. Gallagher. Hackett Publishing. ISBN 978-1-60384-900-5.
Beroul (July 27, 1978). The Romance of Tristan. Translated by Alan S. Fredrick. Penguin Classics. ISBN 9780140442304.
Illingworth, Richard N. (2001). Keith Busby (ed.). "The Composition of the Tristran of Beroul". Arthurian Literature (XVIII). Great Britain: 1–77. ISBN 0859916170.
Lacy, Norris J., ed. (1991). The New Arthurian Encyclopedia. New York & London: Garland Publishing, Inc. ISBN 0824043774.
Lacy, Norris J. (Spring 1999). "Where the Truth Lies: Fact and Belief in Béroul's Tristran". Romance Philology. 52 (2): 1–10. doi:10.1484/J.RPH.2.304306. JSTOR 44741635.
Reid, T. B. W. (July 1965). "The Tristran of Beroul: One Author or Two?". The Modern Language Review. 60 (3). Modern Humanities Reaserch Association: 352–358. doi:10.2307/3720672. JSTOR 3720672.
Sargent-Baur, Barbara N. (July 2004). "Accidental Symmetry: The First and Last Episodes of Beroul's Roman De Tristran". Neophilologus. 88 (88): 335–351. doi:10.1023/B:NEOP.0000027440.33948.5a. S2CID 161181219.

External links

v t e Tristan and Iseult
Characters	Anguish of Ireland Brangaine Iseult Kahedin Mark of Cornwall Meliodas Morholt Tristan
Medieval sources	Thomas of Britain's Tristran Béroul's Tristan Gottfried von Strassburg's Tristan Prose Tristan "Cligès" "Chevrefoil" Folie Tristan d'Oxford Sir Tristrem Ystorya Trystan
Later literature	Tristram and Iseult (1852) Tristram of Lyonesse (1882) Tristan (1903) The Famous Tragedy of the Queen of Cornwall (1923) Finnegans Wake (1939) Tristan and Iseult (1971) Arthur Rex (1978) The Old French Tristan Poems (1980)
Music	Tristan und Isolde (1865, Wagner) Discography Tristan chord "Liebestod" Souvenirs de Munich (ca. 1887) Turangalîla-Symphonie (1949, Messiaen) Tristan (1975, Henze) Qntal III: Tristan und Isolde (2003) "Tristan" (2005)
Film	The Eternal Return (1943) The Woman Next Door (1981) Lovespell (1981) Fire and Sword (1982) In the Shadow of the Raven (1988) Tristan & Isolde (2006)
Art	Tristan Quilt Tristram and Isoude stained glass panels Tristan and Isolde (Egusquiza)

Authority control databases
International	ISNI VIAF 2 FAST WorldCat
National	Germany United States France BnF data Italy Australia Czech Republic Spain Netherlands Norway Croatia Greece Sweden Vatican Israel Belgium
Academics	CiNii
People	Trove Deutsche Biographie DDB
Other	IdRef

Categories:

Hidden categories:

See also

Notes

References

External links