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BOP clade

annual meadowgrass (Poa annua)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Clade:	Commelinids
Order:	Poales
Family:	Poaceae
Clade:	BOP clade
Subfamilies
Bambusoideae Oryzoideae Pooideae

The BOP clade (sometimes BEP clade) is one of two major lineages (or clades) of undefined taxonomic rank in the grasses (Poaceae), containing more than 5,400 species, about half of all grasses. Its sister group is the PACMAD clade; in contrast with many species of that group who have evolved C₄ photosynthesis, the BOP grasses all use the C₃ photosynthetic pathway.^[1]

The clade contains three subfamilies from whose initials its name derives:^[2] the bamboos (Bambusoideae); Oryzoideae (syn. Ehrhartoideae), including rice; and Pooideae, mainly distributed in temperate regions, with the largest diversity and important cereal crops such as wheat and barley. Oryzoideae is the earliest-diverging lineage, sister to the bamboos and Pooideae:^[1]^[3]

BOP clade

	Bamboos (Bambusoideae)

	Pooideae

References

^ ^a ^b Grass Phylogeny Working Group II (2012). "New grass phylogeny resolves deep evolutionary relationships and discovers C₄ origins". New Phytologist. 193 (2): 304–312. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03972.x. hdl:2262/73271. ISSN 0028-646X. PMID 22115274.
^ Soreng, Robert J.; Peterson, Paul M.; Romschenko, Konstantin; Davidse, Gerrit; Zuloaga, Fernando O.; Judziewicz, Emmet J.; Filgueiras, Tarciso S.; Davis, Jerrold I.; Morrone, Osvaldo (2015). "A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae)". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 53 (2): 117–137. doi:10.1111/jse.12150. hdl:11336/25248. ISSN 1674-4918. S2CID 84052108.
^ Janke, Axel; Zhao, Lei; Zhang, Ning; Ma, Peng-Fei; Liu, Qi; Li, De-Zhu; Guo, Zhen-Hua (2013). "Phylogenomic Analyses of Nuclear Genes Reveal the Evolutionary Relationships within the BEP Clade and the Evidence of Positive Selection in Poaceae". PLOS ONE. 8 (5): e64642. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...864642Z. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0064642. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3667173. PMID 23734211.

Grasses (Poaceae or Gramineae)

Morphology

Ecology

Subfamilies

Early-diverging	BOP clade	PACMAD clade
Anomochlooideae Pharoideae Puelioideae	Bambusoideae (bamboos) Oryzoideae Pooideae	Aristidoideae Arundinoideae Chloridoideae Danthonioideae Micrairoideae Panicoideae

Uses

Food	Construction	Landscaping	Other
Cereals Bamboo shoots Lemongrass Sugarcane	Bamboo scaffolding Sod roof Thatching	Lawn Ornamental grass Pasture Turf	Bamboo musical instruments Bamboo textiles Switchgrass

Agrostology · List of Poaceae genera · see also: Graminoid · Graminid clade

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