Ensiklopedia Dunia

Technopedia Center

Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science
S1 Informatics S1 Information Systems S1 Information Technology S1 Computer Engineering S1 Electrical Engineering S1 Civil Engineering

faculty of Economics and Business
S1 Management S1 Accountancy

Faculty of Letters and Educational Sciences
S1 English literature S1 English language education S1 Mathematics education S1 Sports Education

Notonectidae - Wikipedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

(Redirected from Backswimmers)

Notonectidae Temporal range: Toarcian–Present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N

Notonecta maculata
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hemiptera
Suborder:	Heteroptera
Infraorder:	Nepomorpha
Clade:	Tripartita
Superfamily:	Notonectoidea
Family:	Notonectidae Leach, 1815
Subfamilies, Genera
2 subfamilies: Anisopinae Anisops Buenoa Paranisops Walambianisops Notonectinae Enithares Notonecta Martarega Nychia

Notonectidae is a cosmopolitan family of aquatic insects in the order Hemiptera, commonly called backswimmers because they swim "upside down" (inverted). They are all predators and typically range from 0.5 to 1.5 cm (0.2–0.6 in) in length.^[1] They are similar in appearance to Corixidae (water boatmen), but can be separated by differences in their dorsal-ventral coloration, front legs, and predatory behavior. Their dorsum is convex, lightly colored without cross striations. Their front tarsi are not scoop-shaped and their hind legs are fringed for swimming. There are about 350 species in two subfamilies: Notonectinae with seven genera, and Anisopinae with four genera. Members in the former subfamily are often larger than those in the latter.^[2]

Backswimmers swim on their backs, vigorously paddling with their long, hair-fringed hind legs and attack prey as large as tadpoles and small fish. They can inflict a painful "bite" on a human being, actually a stab with their sharp tubular mouthparts (proboscis). They inhabit still freshwater, e.g. lakes, ponds, marshes, and are sometimes found in garden ponds and even swimming pools. Although primarily aquatic, they can fly well and so can disperse easily to new habitats.

The best-known genus of backswimmers is Notonecta – streamlined, deep-bodied bugs up to 1.6 cm (0.6 in) long, green, brown, or yellowish in colour. The common backswimmer, N. glauca, is widespread in Europe, including the United Kingdom where it is known as the greater water boatman.^[3] Another of the same region, N. maculata, is distinguished by its mottled brick-coloured forewings.

In contrast to other aquatic insects that cling to submerged objects, the two genera Anisops and Buenoa uses a unique system to stay submerged: using the extra oxygen supply from haemoglobin in their abdomen, instead of using oxygen dissolved in the water. The size of these air bubbles, which provide buoyancy, changes as the nitrogen dissolves into the blood and the oxygen is used in respiration. This allows for regulation of the size of the air bubbles and their concentration of oxygen.^[4]^[5]^[6]

Notes

^ Randall T. Schuh; James Alexander Slater (1996). True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera:Heteroptera): Classification and Natural History (2 ed.). Cornell University Press. pp. 127–129. ISBN 978-0801420665.
^ Julianna Freires Barbosa; José Ricardo Inacio Ribeiro; Jorge Luiz Nessimian (2012). "A synopsis of Martarega White, 1879 (Insecta: Heteroptera: Notonectidae) occurring in the Brazilian Amazonia, with descriptions of three new species". Journal of Natural History. 46 (17–18): 1025–1057. Bibcode:2012JNatH..46.1025B. doi:10.1080/00222933.2011.651645.
^ BBC Science and nature factfiles: Water boatman, common backswimmer Retrieved on 2008-07-26
^ physorg.com: Gold Strike in Science World Retrieved on 2008-07-26
^ Diving insects use buoyancy vests New Scientist 2006-04-11 p.19 Retrieved on 2008-07-26
^ Wawrowski, Agnes; Matthews, Philip G. D.; Gleixner, Eva; Kiger, Laurent; Marden, Michael C.; Hankeln, Thomas; Burmester, Thorsten (September 2012). "Characterization of the hemoglobin of the backswimmer Anisops deanei (Hemiptera)". Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 42 (9): 603–609. Bibcode:2012IBMB...42..603W. doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2012.04.007. PMID 22575160.

References

Chinery, M. (1986). Collins Guide to the Insects of Britain & Western Europe. Collins. ISBN 0-00-219137-7.
Fitter, R. & Manuel, R. (1986). Collins Field Guide to Freshwater Life. Collins. ISBN 0-00-219143-1.
Hungerford, H. B. (1933). The genus Notonecta of the world. U. Kansas Sci. Bull. 21: 5-195.6+516+2kkig
Painful bug bite, Williams 1980, Hawking & Smith 1997 ^{[dead link‍]}
Notonectidae, Australian Freshwater Invertebrates

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Notonectidae.

Extant Hemiptera families

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota
Infraclass: Neoptera
Superorder: Paraneoptera

Suborder Auchenorrhyncha

Cicadomorpha

Cercopoidea (froghoppers)	Aphrophoridae Cercopidae Clastopteridae Epipygidae Machaerotidae
Cicadoidea (cicadas)	Cicadidae Tettigarctidae (hairy cicadas)
Membracoidea	Aetalionidae Cicadellidae (leafhoppers) Melizoderidae Membracidae (typical treehoppers, thorn bugs) Myerslopiidae

Fulgoromorpha
(planthoppers)

Fulgoroidea	Acanaloniidae Achilidae Achilixiidae Cixiidae Delphacidae Derbidae Dictyopharidae Eurybrachidae Flatidae Fulgoridae (lanternflies) Gengidae Hypochthonellidae Issidae Kinnaridae Lophopidae Meenoplidae Nogodinidae Ricaniidae Tettigometridae Tropiduchidae

Suborder Sternorrhyncha

Aleyrodoidea	Aleyrodidae (whiteflies)
Aphidoidea (aphids)	Aphididae
Coccoidea (scale insects)	Aclerdidae Asterolecaniidae (pit scales) Beesoniidae (beesoniids) Carayonemidae (carayonemids) Cerococcidae (ornate pit scales) Coccidae (soft scales) Conchaspididae Dactylopiidae (cochineals) Diaspididae (armored scales) Eriococcidae (felt scales) Halimococcidae (pupillarial palm scales) Kermesidae Kerriidae (lac scales) Lecanodiaspididae (false pit scales) Margarodidae (cottony cushion scales, giant coccids, ground pearls) Micrococcidae (Mediterranean scales) Monophlebidae (giant scales) Ortheziidae (ensign scales) Phenacoleachiidae (phenacoleachiids) Phoenicococcidae (palm scales) Pseudococcidae (mealybugs) Putoidae (giant mealybugs) Stictococcidae (stictococcids)
Phylloxeroidea	Adelgidae (woolly conifer aphids) Phylloxeridae (phylloxerans)
Psylloidea	Aphalaridae Calophyidae Carsidaridae Homotomidae Phacopteronidae Psyllidae (jumping plant lice) Triozidae

Suborder Heteroptera (with Coleorrhyncha)

Dipsocoromorpha	Ceratocombidae Dipsocoridae Hypsipterygidae Schizopteridae Stemmocryptidae

Enicocephalomorpha

Enicocephaloidea	Aenictopecheidae Enicocephalidae (unique-headed bugs, gnat bugs)

Gerromorpha
(semiaquatic bugs)

Gerroidea	Gerridae (water striders) Hermatobatidae Veliidae (riffle bugs)
Hebroidea	Hebridae (velvet water bugs)
Hydrometroidea	Hydrometridae (marsh treaders or water measurers) Macroveliidae Paraphrynoveliidae
Mesovelioidea (water treaders)	Madeoveliidae Mesoveliidae

Leptopodomorpha	Saldidae (shore bugs) Leptopodidae (spiny shore bugs) Omaniidae Aepophilidae

Nepomorpha
(true water bugs)

Corixoidea	Corixidae (water boatmen)
Nepoidea	Belostomatidae (giant water bugs) Nepidae (water scorpions, needle bugs)
Ochteroidea	Gelastocoridae (toad bugs) Ochteridae (velvety shore bugs)
Aphelocheiroidea	Aphelocheiridae Potamocoridae
Naucoroidea	Naucoridae (creeping water bugs)
Notonectoidea	Notonectidae (backswimmers)
Pleoidea	Helotrephidae Pleidae (pygmy backswimmers)

Peloridiomorpha (Coleorrhyncha)	Peloridiidae

Cimicomorpha

Cimicoidea

Pentatomomorpha

Aradoidea	Aradidae (flat bugs) Termitaphididae (termite bugs)
Pentatomoidea (shield bugs)	Urostylididae Acanthosomatidae (shield bugs) Tessaratomidae (giant shield bugs and relatives) Dinidoridae Cydnidae (burrowing bugs) Thaumastellidae Parastrachiidae Thyreocoridae (includes ebony bugs) Lestoniidae Phloeidae Scutelleridae (jewel bugs or metallic shield bugs) Plataspidae Pentatomidae (stink bugs) Canopidae Megarididae
Coreoidea	Alydidae (broad-headed bugs) Coreidae (squash bugs, leaf-footed bugs) Hyocephalidae Rhopalidae (scentless plant bugs) Stenocephalidae
Lygaeoidea	Artheneidae Berytidae (stilt bugs) Blissidae Colobathristidae Cryptorhamphidae Cymidae Geocoridae Henicocoridae Heterogastridae Idiostolidae Lygaeidae (milkweed bugs, true seed bugs) Malcidae Ninidae Oxycarenidae Pachygronthidae Rhyparochromidae (atypical seed bugs) Piesmatidae (ash-grey leaf bugs)
Pyrrhocoroidea	Pyrrhocoridae (red bugs, cotton stainers) Largidae (bordered plant bugs)

Note: Coleorrhyncha are a different clade from Heteroptera. Heteroptera with Coleorrhyncha were referred to as Prosorrhyncha.

Taxon identifiers

Notonectidae

Wikidata: Q875622
Wikispecies: Notonectidae
AFD: Notonectidae
BioLib: 17094
BOLD: 160801
BugGuide: 4965
CoL: 626HD
EoL: 617
EPPO: 1NOTNF
Fauna Europaea: 12806
Fauna Europaea (new): 6c24775c-080e-45f7-abc3-8823d2c7aeb3
GBIF: 4322
iNaturalist: 56556
IRMNG: 114361
ITIS: 103557
NBN: NBNSYS0000039904
NCBI: 50616
NZOR: 63d666b7-ce8e-4b1b-96b9-f9f3824cadb9
Open Tree of Life: 995297
Paleobiology Database: 71385
Plazi: D34087D7-6829-FFE4-AE9D-1E127BE2FAB3

This Nepomorpha article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Categories:

Hidden categories: