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The House of Balliol (de Bailleul) was a noble family originating from the village of Bailleul in Picardy. They held estates in England, granted during the reign of King William Rufus. Through marriage, they had claims to the Throne of Scotland. One member of the family, John Balliol, was named King of Scotland after the disputed succession following extinction of the Dunkeld line. John was deposed, leading to the First War of Scottish Independence. His son, Edward Balliol, also briefly controlled the Scottish throne during the Second War of Scottish Independence. Edward had no issue, and the direct line went extinct with him.

List of heads of the Balliol estates

Guy I de Balliol (died before 1130 × 1133), established lordship in northern England in 1090s
Bernard I de Balliol (died 1154 x 1162), nephew of Guy
Guy II de Balliol (died early 1160s x 1167), son of Bernard
Bernard II de Balliol (died c. 1190), brother of above
Eustace de Balliol (died c. 1209), cousin of above
Hugh de Balliol (died 1229), son of above
John I de Balliol (died 1268), son of above, the founder of Balliol College
John II de Balliol (died 1314), son of above, reigned as King of Scotland from 1292 to 1296, as a descendant of David I of Scotland of the House of Dunkeld.
Edward de Balliol (died 1364), eldest son of John; from 1332 to 1356 he was a pretender to the Scottish throne with the support of England, in opposition to David II of Scotland.

The last two on the list both had English support for their claims but both were deposed. Edward died without issue, but the Balliol descent continued through his cousin Christine de Lindsay (granddaughter of John I), who married Enguerrand V, Lord of Coucy, to the lords of Coucy and ultimately the Bourbon kings of France and Spain.

References

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Baliol".

Stell, G. P., "Balliol, Bernard de (d. 1154x62)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 , accessed 24 Jan 2008
Stell, G. P., "Balliol, Bernard de (d. c.1190)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 , accessed 24 Jan 2008
Stell, G. P., "Balliol , John de (b. before 1208, d. 1268)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 , accessed 24 Jan 2008

Royal House House of Balliol
Preceded by House of Dunkeld	Ruling House of the Kingdom of Scotland 1292 – 1296 Pretender 1332–1356	Succeeded by House of Bruce

v t e Royal houses of Britain and Ireland
England	Mercia Wuffing Kent Sussex Essex Bernicia Deira Northumbria Uí Ímair Wessex Knýtlinga Godwin Normandy Blois Plantagenet Angevin Lancaster York Tudor Stuart
Scotland	Fergus Óengus Strathclyde Mann and the Isles Alpin Northumbria Bernicia Uí Ímair Galloway Dunkeld Moray Sverre Balliol Bruce Stewart Somhairle
Wales	Aberffraw Cunedda Dinefwr Gwynedd Mathrafal Tudor
Ireland	Ulaid Dál Riata Érainn Corcu Loígde Laigin Connachta Uí Néill Ó Gallchobhair Ó Domhnail Ó Néill Ó Máel Sechlainn Mac Murchada Ó Briain Mac Lochlainn Ó Conchobhair
Gaelic Ireland	Laigin Síl Conairi Ulaid Dáirine Osraige Cruthin Dál nAraidi Connachta Uí Fiachrach Uí Briúin Uí Néill Síl nÁedo Sláine Clann Cholmáin Eóganachta Chaisil Glendamnach Raithlind Uí Dúnlainge Uí Ímair (Norse) Uí Ceinnselaig Dalcassians Ó Briain Mac Carthaig Ó Conchobhair Ó Ruairc Burgh (Norman) FitzGerald (Norman) Ó Domhnaill Ó Néill
Great Britain	Stuart Orange-Nassau Hanover Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Windsor
Isle of Man	Uí Ímair Crovan Somhairle

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List of heads of the Balliol estates

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References