Ensiklopedia Dunia

Technopedia Center

Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science
S1 Informatics S1 Information Systems S1 Information Technology S1 Computer Engineering S1 Electrical Engineering S1 Civil Engineering

faculty of Economics and Business
S1 Management S1 Accountancy

Faculty of Letters and Educational Sciences
S1 English literature S1 English language education S1 Mathematics education S1 Sports Education

Bessie Moses - Wikipedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Bessie Moses

Born	1893 Baltimore, Maryland, United States
Died	1965 Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Education	Goucher College (BA)
Occupation(s)	Gynecologist, obstetrician, birth control advocate

Bessie Louise Moses (1893–1965) was a U.S. gynecologist and obstetrician who advocated birth control practices for women.^[1]

Life

Early life

Born in Baltimore, Maryland to a prominent German-Jewish family, Moses graduated from Goucher College in 1915^[2] and began her public career after graduating from Johns Hopkins Medical School in 1922.^[3]

Early career

Moses began private practice as an obstetrician, but this path proved ill-suited when she became emotionally attached to the outcome of every birth she attended, so she instead chose to pursue gynecology.^[4]

Baltimore Birth Control Clinic

From the inception of the Baltimore Bureau for Contraceptive Advice in 1927, through to her retirement in 1956, Moses was the medical director for these community resources.^[5] Moses fought to expand contraceptive services to additional communities and lobbied for inclusion of contraceptive instruction in medical school curricula.^[6]

The Baltimore Bureau for Contraceptive Advice was incorporated in 1926, opened its doors to patients in 1927, and operated until 1932.^[7] The Bureau originally was set up as a public health research venture with strict rules about referral of patients for its services.^[8] In order to avoid controversy and prosecution, the women who were referred to the clinic for participation in the study had to be married and their health in such a deteriorated state that further pregnancies could prove fatal.^[9] As the social stigma and legal proscription of disseminating contraceptive information and devices eased during the Great Depression, the Bureau became the Baltimore Birth Control Clinic, which eventually became part of the Planned Parenthood Federation of America.

As a campaigner

She was integral in the fight for legislative reform of the prohibition of sending contraceptive information and materials through the mail.^[10]

Legacy

As a result of her contributions to legitimizing birth control through the avenue of public health, Moses was honored with the Lasker Foundation Award in 1950, which she received along with Margaret Sanger. In 1991, she was posthumously added to the Maryland Women's Hall of Fame.^[11]^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b "Bessie Moses, M.D. (1893-1965)". Maryland Women’s Hall of Fame. Maryland State Archives. 2001. Archived from the original on 2021-09-23. Retrieved 2023-01-21.
^ Klapper, Melissa R. "Bessie Louise Moses | Jewish Women's Archive". jwa.org. Archived from the original on 2019-01-27. Retrieved 2018-04-04.
^ Melissa R. Klapper. "Bessie Louise Moses: 1893-1965". Jewish Women’s Archive. Archived from the original on March 1, 2012. Retrieved November 24, 2009.
^ Lucille Liberless Letter About Dr. Moses Personal Life, Not Dated, Planned Parenthood Collection, University of Baltimore Langsdale Library Special Collections, Baltimore, MD.
^ Maryland State Archives
^ Bessie L. Moses, Contraception as a Therapeutic Measure, (Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1936), 1-2.
^ Lauren P. Morton, “Baltimore’s First Birth Control Clinic: The Bureau for Contraceptive Advice, 1927–1932,” Maryland Historical Magazine 102, no. 4 (2007): 300.
^ Morton, pp. 302-305.
^ Morton, pp. 305-306.
^ Moses testified in a confidential hearing before a subcommittee of the Senate Committee of the Judiciary on a proposed amendment to the Tariff Act of 1930, which, among other things, made it illegal to send contraceptive devices and information through the mail. See Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Birth Control: Hearings on S. 4436, 72nd Cong., 1st sess., 1932, 4-12, 14.
^ Klapper

Bibliography

Klapper, Melissa R. “Bessie Louise Moses: 1893–1965,” Jewish Women's Archive, http://ga.jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/moses-bessie-louise^{[permanent dead link‍]} (accessed November 24, 2009).
Maryland State Archives. “Maryland Women’s Hall of Fame: Bessie Moses, M.D. (1893–1965),” Maryland State Archives, 2001. (At Internet Archive).
Morton, Lauren P. “Baltimore’s First Birth Control Clinic: The Bureau for Contraceptive Advice, 1927-1932.” Maryland Historical Magazine 102, no. 4 (2007): 300–319.
Moses, Bessie L. Contraception as a Therapeutic Measure. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1936.
U.S. Congress. Senate. Subcommittee of the Committee on the Judiciary. Birth Control: Confidential Hearing before the Subcommittee of the Committee on the Judiciary. 72nd Cong., 1st sess., June 24 and 30, 1932. http://www.lexisnexis.com/congcomp/getdoc?HEARING-ID=HRG-1932-SJS-0020 (accessed October 23, 2009).

Maryland Women's Hall of Fame

1980s

1985	Margaret Brent Rachel Carson Rita C. Davidson Gladys Spellman Harriet Tubman
1986	Lillie Mae Carroll Jackson Elizabeth Ann Seton Henrietta Szold Jeanette Rosner Wolman Hiltgunt Zassenhaus
1987	Clara Barton Frances Ellen Watkins Harper Juanita Jackson Mitchell Mary Shaw Shorb Helen B. Taussig
1988	Barbara Mikulski Sadie Kneller Miller Mary Eliza Risteau Martha Carey Thomas Verda Welcome
1989	Bertha Adkins Eugenie Clark Lavinia Engle Lena King Lee Estelle R. Ramey

1990s

1990	Lucille Maurer Enolia McMillan Pauli Murray Adele Hagner Stamp Mary Lemist Titcomb
1991	Rita R. Colwell Mary Elizabeth Lange Claire McCardell Bessie Moses Alta Schrock
1992	Annie Armstrong Anna Ella Carroll Rose Kushner Margaret Collins Schweinhaut Carmen Delgado Votaw
1993	Rosalyn Blake Bell Lucille Clifton Elizabeth King Ellicott Jean Spencer Martha Ellicott Tyson
1994	Rosalie Silber Abrams Mary Elizabeth Banning Harriet Elizabeth Brown Connie Morella Mary Adelaide Nutting
1995	Jill Moss Greenberg Mary L. Nock Amanda Taylor Norris Nettie Barcroft Taylor Euphemia Mary Goldsborough Willson
1996	Madeleine L. Ellicott Ethel Ennis Mary Digges Lee Brigid G. Leventhal Barbara A. Robinson
1997	Diane L. Adams Sol del Ande Mendez Eaton Catherine R. Gira Helen L. Koss Rosa Ponselle
1998	Constance Ross Beims Mary Katharine Goddard Elaine Ryan Hedges Mary Carter Smith
1999	Florence Riefle Bahr Lillian C. Compton Edith Houghton Hooker Elizabeth Fran Johnson Bernice Smith White

2000s

2000	Constance Uriolo Battle Lois Green Carr Sonia Pressman Fuentes Josephine Jacobsen Rosetta Stith
2001	Kathleen Feeley Misbah Khan Charmaine Krohe Eunice Kennedy Shriver Sandra W. Tomlinson
2002	Mabel Houze Hubbard Florence P. Kendall Mary Young Pickersgill Lorraine Sheehan
2003	Virginia Walcott Beauchamp Edith Clarke Kathryn J. DuFour Ruth L. Kirschstein Etta Haynie Maddox Debbie Yow
2004	Edmonson sisters Nancy Grasmick Esther McCready Margaret Byrd Rawson Vivian V. Simpson
2005	Shoshana Shoubin Cardin Bessie Olive Cole Susan R. Panny Edyth H. Schoenrich
2006	Susan Pardee Baker Liebe Sokol Diamond Bea Gaddy Marilyn Hughes Gaston Rebecca Alban Hoffberger Grace Snively
2007	Annette M.Deener Sally T. Grant Prasanna Nair Karen H. Rothenberg Audrey E. Scott
2008	Ramona McCarthy Hawkins Ellen Moses Heller Billie Holiday Pauline Menes Toby Orenstein Emily Wilson Walker
2009	Ilia Fehrer Diane Griffin Harriet Legum Allyson R. Solomon Anne St. Clair Wright

2010s

2010	Claire M. Fraser Anne Catherine Hoof Green Irene Morgan Kirkaldy Almira Hart Lincoln Phelps Bernice R. Sandler Lillie D. Shockney
2011	Carol W. Greider Barbara Holdridge Ligia Peralta Gertrude Poe Lucy Diggs Slowe June A. Willenz
2012	Maureen Black Margaret Dunkle Nancy Kopp Alice Manicur Diana Gribbon Motz Gwendolyn Rooks
2013	Helen Delich Bentley Jean B. Cryor Charlene Dukes Ellen Sauerbrey Linda A. Shevitz Beatrice P. Tignor
2014	Dorothy F. Bailey Agnes Kane Callum Renee E. Fox Susan K. Goering Henrietta Lacks Ann Cipriano Rees
2015	Beverly B. Byron E. Gail de Planque Mary S. Feik Katherine O'Brien Linda L. Singh Sue Fryer Ward
2016	Sophia Arabatzis Balis Oretha Bridgwaters-Simms Mary C. Goodwillie Elaine Danforth Harmon Joanne Katz Lizette Woodworth Reese
2017	Marsha Coleman-Adebayo Carolyn Colvin Donna Edwards Mary Garrett Katharine Blodgett Gebbie Katie Ledecky Helen Maroulis Lilian Welsh
2018	Sandra I. Barnes Sandra Williams Ortega Emily Saunders Plummer Rita L. Robinson Hattie N. Washington
2019	Marielsa A. Bernard Augusta T. Chissell Dominique Dawes Virginia Hall Rosa Gumataotao Rios Evelyn Williams Townsend Phyllis B. Trickett Pauline Woo Tsui

2020s

2020	Victorine Q. Adams Evelyn O. A. Darden Claire Parkinson Nancy Roman Leslie R. Wolfe
2021	Elizabeth Bobo Margaret Hawkins Ruby Reese Moone Nancy K. Welker Celeste Revillon Winans
2022	Dorothy Blum Mary L. Cleave Gloria Richardson Beatrice Rodgers Odessa M. Shannon
2023	Janeen L. Birckhead Charlotte M. Cooksey Ana Sol Gutierrez Gloria G. Lawlah Jackie Ronne
2024	Adrienne A. Jones Susan C. Lee Brooke Lierman Aruna Miller Nancy Pelosi