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Bilma - Wikipedia

Coordinates: 18°41′N 12°55′E / 18.683°N 12.917°E

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(Redirected from Bilma Oasis)

Bilma
Commune

Bilma
Coordinates: 18°41′12″N 12°55′09″E / 18.68667°N 12.91917°E / 18.68667; 12.91917
Country	Niger
Region	Agadez Region
Department	Bilma Department
Commune	Bilma
Elevation	358 m (1,175 ft)
Population (2012 census)
• Total	4,016

Bilma is an oasis town and commune in north east Niger with, as of the 2012 census, a total population of 4,016 people.^[1] It lies protected from the desert dunes under the Kaouar Cliffs and is the largest town along the Kaouar escarpment. It is known for its gardens, for salt and natron production through evaporation ponds,^[2] date cultivation, and as the destination of one of the last Saharan caravan routes (the Azalai, from Agadez).

Population

Its population is mostly Kanuri, with smaller Toubou, Tuareg, and Hausa populations, the last being a reminder of Bilma's role as a key stop in the Trans Saharan trade.

Administration and economy

Bilma is the administrative seat of the Bilma Department, covering some 670,000 km² (260,000 sq mi) of north eastern Niger. While it continues to produce salt in large natron salt pans, and this salt is still sold for livestock use throughout west Africa. Tourism (based out of Agadez and the Aïr Mountains some 560 km (350 mi) to the west) is of growing importance.

Climate

Bilma features a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh). The town lies deep in the heart of the Sahara Desert, more precisely in the Ténéré, a hyper-arid desert region lying over northeastern Niger and western Chad, and as such is extremely dry, averaging only 12.7 mm (0.50 in) of measurable precipitation annually. Bilma is also hot during the "winter" months and extremely hot during the summer months and for prolonged periods of time. Average high temperatures in "winter" months surpass 27 °C (81 °F), and exceed 40 °C (104 °F) from April to September inclusively, peaking at 44 °C (111 °F) in June. The record high temperature is 48.2 °C (118.8 °F) on June 23, 2010.^[3]

Bilma had the country's lowest ever recorded temperature, −2.4 °C (27.7 °F), on 13 January 1995.^[4]^[5]

The sunshine duration is extremely high year-round with some 4,000 hours of bright sunshine annually. The region excels at hot, sunny and dry weather.

Climate data for Bilma, Niger (2006–2010)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	27.7 (81.9)	31.9 (89.4)	35.3 (95.5)	40.6 (105.1)	42.9 (109.2)	44.1 (111.4)	43.0 (109.4)	42.1 (107.8)	41.8 (107.2)	39.1 (102.4)	33.1 (91.6)	28.7 (83.7)	37.5 (99.6)
Daily mean °C (°F)	18.2 (64.8)	21.7 (71.1)	24.9 (76.8)	30.4 (86.7)	33.5 (92.3)	34.7 (94.5)	34.3 (93.7)	34.4 (93.9)	32.7 (90.9)	29.3 (84.7)	22.7 (72.9)	18.5 (65.3)	27.9 (82.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	8.7 (47.7)	11.4 (52.5)	14.5 (58.1)	20.1 (68.2)	24.1 (75.4)	25.3 (77.5)	25.5 (77.9)	26.6 (79.9)	23.6 (74.5)	19.5 (67.1)	12.2 (54.0)	8.3 (46.9)	18.3 (65.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	2.5 (0.10)	7.6 (0.30)	2.5 (0.10)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	13 (0.50)
Source: Niger Climatology^[6]

The Oasis at Bilma, with the Kaouar escarpment in the background.

History

The poet Abu Ishaq Ibrahim al-Kanemi was born in Bilma in the 12th century.

During French Colonial rule, Bilma was the site of a major—if isolated—military post at Fort Dromard. After independence, the isolation of Bilma made it the destination for disgraced officials under the authoritarian regime of Seyni Kountché, and a prison was built there by the government. Political leaders were held there in the 1980s, such as Sanoussi Tambari Djakou, today president of the PNA-AL, a Nigerien political party.

In 1989, UTA Flight 772 crashed into the desert near the town after a bomb exploded on board, killing all 170 people aboard.

References

^ "Annuaires_Statistiques" (PDF). Institut National de la Statistique du Niger. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
^ Lovejoy, Paul E. (1986). Salt of the Desert Sun: A History of Salt Production and Trade in the Central Sudan. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-30182-3.
^ "Dr. Jeff Masters' WunderBlog". Wayback Machine. 16 July 2010. Archived from the original on 19 July 2010. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
^ "Troisieme Communication Nationale A La Conference Des Parties De La Conventioncadre Des Nations Unies Sur Les Changements Climatiques" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 May 2018. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
^ Geographic.org. "Weather data: Niger, Bilma, 1995, January". Historical Global Weather. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
^ "Niger Climatology" (PDF). Stats-Niger. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 April 2015. Retrieved 14 April 2012.

Sources

Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bilma" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Decalo, Samuel (1979). Historical Dictionary of Niger. London and New Jersey: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-1229-0.
Geels, Jolijn (2006). Niger. London: Bradt. ISBN 1-84162-152-8.

18°41′N 12°55′E / 18.683°N 12.917°E / 18.683; 12.917

v t e Communes of Niger
Capital: Niamey
Urban communes	Abalak Agadez Aguie Arlit Bilma Birni N'Gaoure Birni-N'Konni Bouza Dakoro Diffa Dogondoutchi Dosso Filingué Gaya Guidanroumdji Goure Illela Keita Kollo Loga Madaoua Madarounfa Magaria Maine-Soroa Maradi I II III Matameye Mayahi Mirriah N'guigmi Niamey Commune I II III IV V Ouallam Say Tahoua I II Tanout Tchin-Tabaraden Tchirozerine Tessaoua Téra Tibiri Tillabéri Zinder I II III IV V
Rural communes	Abala Aderbissinat Adjekoria Affala Akoubounou Albarkaram Alakoss Allakaye Allela Anzourou Attantane Ayerou Azagor Azarori Azeye Babankatami Badaguichiri Bader Goula Bagaroua Bambeye Bana Bande Bangui Banibangou Bankilare Baoudetta Barmou Bazaga Bengou Bermo Bibiyergou Birni Lalle Bitinkodji Bosso Boune Chadakori Chetimari Dabaga Dakoussa Damagaram Takaya Dan-Barto Dan-Goulbi Dan-Issa Dan-Kassari Dannet Dantchiao Daouche Dargol Deoule Dessa Diagourou Diantchandou Dingazi Dirkou Dioundiou Djado Djiratawa Dogo Dogo-Dogo Dogonkiria Doguerawa Doumega Doungou Droum Dungass El Allassane Maireyrey Fabidji Fachi Fakara Falenko Falmey Falwel Farey Foulatari Gabi Gababedji Gaffati Galma Koudawatche Gamou Gangara Gangara Garagoumsa Garhanga Garankedey Gazaoua Golle Goroubankassam Gorouol Gothèye Gouchi Goudoumaria Goûgaram Gouna Guecheme Gueskerou Guidan Amoumoune Guidan Sori Guidiguir Guidimouni Guilladje Hamdallaye Hamdara Harikanassou Hawandawaki Ibrohamane Ichirnawa Iferouane Imanan Inates In-Gall Issawane Kablewa Kao Kalfou Kanan-Bakache Kankandi Kantche Karakara Kargiubangou Karma Karofane Kelle Kieche Kiota Kirtachi Kokorou Kolleram Koona Korahane Koré Maïroua Korgom Kornaka Kouré Kourfeye Kourni Kourteye Koygolo Kwaya Libore Maijirgiu Maiyara Makalondi Malawa Malbaza Matankari Mehana Moa Mokko N'Dounga N'Gonga N'Gourti N'Guelbély Namaro Ollelewa Ourafane Ouro Gueladjo Ourno Roumboui Sabon-Guida Sabon-Machi Sae Saboua Safo Sakoira Sambera Sanam Sarkin Haoussa Sarkin Yamma Sassoumbroum Simiri Sinder Sokorbe Soucoucoutane Tabalak Tabelot Tabotaki Tagazar Tagriss Tajae Takanamat Tama Tamaske Tamaya Tamou Tanda Tarka Tassara Tchadoua Tchake Tebaram Tenhya Tesker Tessa Tibiri (Doutchi) Timia Tillia Tirmini Tombokoirey I Tombokoirey II Tondikandia Tondikiwindi Torodi Toumour Tounounga Tsaouni Tsernaoua Wacha Wame Yaouri Yekoua Yelou Youri Zermou

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