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Brown dove

White-eared brown dove (P. leucotis)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Columbiformes
Family:	Columbidae
Subfamily:	Treroninae
Genus:	Phapitreron Bonaparte, 1854
Type species
Columba leucotis^[1] Temminck, 1823

Brown doves are members of the genus Phapitreron in the pigeon family. Their common name refers to their overall brown coloration. They are endemic to the Philippines. All brown doves are tree-dwellers, but the different species occupy different types of wooded habitats; some are more restricted to old-growth forest while other make use of secondary forest and other woodland. Their main diet is fruit. They tend to be solitary in their habits and can be elusive. Some species in this genus have conspicuous black and white stripes on their faces and iridescent neck feathers. Males and females look alike.

Taxonomy

The genus Phapitreron was introduced in 1854 by the French naturalist Charles Lucien Bonaparte for the white-eared brown dove (Phapitreron leucotis).^[2]^[3] The genus name Phapitreron combines the genus name Phaps introduced by the English naturalist Prideaux John Selby in 1835 for the bronze-wing pigeons with the Ancient Greek trērōn meaning "pigeon".^[4]

The genus contains four species:^[5]

White-eared brown dove (Phapitreron leucotis)
Amethyst brown dove (Phapitreron amethystinus)
Tawitawi brown dove (Phapitreron cinereiceps)
Mindanao brown dove (Phapitreron brunneiceps) – split from the Tawitawi brown dove

Some ornithologists have split two of the above species:^[6]

Buff-eared brown-dove (Phapitreron nigrorum) – split from the white-eared brown dove^[7]
Short-billed brown-dove (Phapitreron brevirostris) – split from the white-eared brown dove^[8]
Cebu brown-dove (Phapitreron frontalis) – split from the amethyst brown dove; listed as an EDGE species by the Zoological Society of London^[9] and Critically Endangered by the IUCN.^[10]
Grey-breasted brown-dove (Phapitreron maculipectus) – split from the amethyst brown dove^[11]

References

^ "Columbidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-08-05.
^ Bonaparte, Charles Lucien (1854). "Coup d'oeil sur les pigeons". Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences (in French). 39: 869–880 [879].
^ Peters, James Lee, ed. (1937). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 3. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 23.
^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 310. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (2020). "Pigeons". IOC World Bird List Version 10.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
^ Collar, N.J. (2011). "Species limits in some Philippine birds including the Greater Flameback Chrysocolaptes lucidus" (PDF). Forktail. 27: 29–38.
^ BirdLife International (2016). "Phapitreron nigrorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22727834A94963146. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22727834A94963146.en.
^ BirdLife International (2016). "Phapitreron brevirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22727841A94963314. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22727841A94963314.en.
^ "Cebu Brown-dove".
^ BirdLife International (2021). "Phapitreron frontalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T60543516A205992046. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T60543516A205992046.en. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
^ BirdLife International (2017) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. "Phapitreron maculipectus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T60543526A110865806. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T60543526A110865806.en.

Phabini	Gallicolumba Geopelia Geophaps Henicophaps Leucosarcia Ocyphaps Pampusana Petrophassa Phaps
Raphini	Caloenas †Deliaphaps Didunculus Goura †Microgoura †Natunaornis Otidiphaps †Pezophaps †Raphus Trugon
Turturini	Alectroenas Chalcophaps Oena Phapitreron Turtur
Treronini	Treron
Ptilinopini	Cryptophaps Drepanoptila Ducula Gymnophaps Hemiphaga Lopholaimus Ptilinopus †Tongoenas

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