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Callianthemoides - Wikipedia

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Callianthemoides

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Order:	Ranunculales
Family:	Ranunculaceae
Subfamily:	Ranunculoideae
Tribe:	Ranunculeae
Genus:	Callianthemoides Tamura^[2]
Species:	C. semiverticillata
Binomial name
*Callianthemoides semiverticillata* (Phil.) Tamura^[1]
Synonyms^[3]
Ranunculus semiverticillatus Phil.

Callianthemoides is a genus of plants in the family Ranunculaceae, with a single species, Callianthemoides semiverticillata. Native to screes in northern Patagonia, it has divided greyish or reddish green leaves and large white or pink flowers.

Description

Callianthemoides semiverticillata is a strong-growing perennial with a deep rhizome. It has finely divided (dissected) leaves, greyish or reddish green in colour, up to 7 cm (2.8 in) across. The leaves do not fully develop until after the flowers appear. The flowering stems are violet-purple and carry one or more large flowers, up to 4 cm (1.6 in) across. Each flower has five white, purple-marked sepals and 10–20 petals, longer and narrower than the sepals, usually white but sometimes pink.^[4]^[5] It has been described as "arguably the most beautiful buttercup in the world".^[4]

Taxonomy

The species was first described in 1861 by Rodolfo Amando Philippi as Ranunculus semiverticillatus. It was transferred to the newly created genus Callianthemoides in 1992 by Michio Tamura.^[3] The ending -oides means "similar to" or "resembling",^[6] so that Callianthemoides means "resembling Callianthemum".

Article 62.4 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants explicitly states that genus names ending in -oides are feminine,^[7] so the correct name of the species when transferred to Callianthemoides is Callianthemoides semiverticillata. However, Tamura incorrectly used the masculine ending -us (i.e. C. semiverticillatus),^[3] which some sources have copied. The adjective verticillatus means "whorled",^[8] so that the epithet semiverticillata means "half or partially whorled".

Distribution and habitat

Callianthemoides semiverticillata is native to the northern part of Patagonia (Chile and Argentina). It grows in bare, often loose screes in mountains, at 1,500–2,300 m (4,900–7,500 ft), emerging from the ground in spring at the edge of the melting snow.^[4]^[5]

Cultivation

Callianthemoides semiverticillata is grown by gardeners specializing in alpine plants. It is grown in pots under glass and in raised beds and containers outside, but has produced smaller flowers than in the wild.^[4] It has been described as "choice" but "difficult to cultivate".^[5]

References

^ "Search results for Callianthemoides", The Plant List, retrieved 2015-04-25
^ "Callianthemoides Tamura", Tropicos, Missouri Botanical Garden, retrieved 2015-04-25
^ ^a ^b ^c "Callianthemoides semiverticillata (Phil.) Tamura", Tropicos, Missouri Botanical Garden, retrieved 2015-04-25
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Sheader, Martin & Sheader, Anna-Liisa (2015), "Patagonian alpines", The Plantsman, New Series, 14 (1): 16–21
^ ^a ^b ^c Beckett, K., ed. (1994), "R. semiverticillatus Phil.", Encyclopaedia of Alpines : Volume 2 (L–Z), Pershore, UK: AGS Publications, p. 1102, ISBN 978-0-900048-62-3
^ Stearn, W.T. (2004), Botanical Latin (4th (p/b) ed.), Portland, Oregon: Timber Press, ISBN 978-0-7153-1643-6, p. 456
^ McNeill, J.; Barrie, F. R.; Buck, W. R.; Demoulin, V.; Greuter, W.; Hawksworth, D. L.; Herendeen, P. S.; Knapp, S.; Marhold, K.; Prado, J.; Prud'homme Van Reine, W. F.; Smith, G. F.; Wiersema, J. H. & Turland, N. J., eds. (2012), "Article 62", International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code), Adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress Melbourne, Australia, July 2011 (electronic ed.), Bratislava: International Association for Plant Taxonomy, retrieved 2014-04-25
^ Stearn (2004), p. 527

Taxon identifiers
Callianthemoides	Wikidata: Q5741175 Wikispecies: Callianthemoides BOLD: 436036 CoL: 3FCB GBIF: 7277641 GRIN: 18882 IPNI: 971125-1 IRMNG: 1000243 NCBI: 286834 Open Tree of Life: 15436 POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:971125-1 Tropicos: 50142343 WFO: wfo-4000006045
Callianthemoides semiverticillatus	Wikidata: Q15366204 Wikispecies: Callianthemoides semiverticillatus BOLD: 436037 CoL: PM6K GBIF: 3927416 IPNI: 971126-1 NCBI: 286835 Open Tree of Life: 15435 Plant List: kew-2692404 WFO: wfo-0000580282

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