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Frosted elfin

Conservation status
Imperiled (NatureServe)^[1]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Lycaenidae
Genus:	Callophrys
Species:	C. irus
Binomial name
*Callophrys irus* (Godart, [1824])^[2]

Callophrys irus, the frosted elfin, is a species of Lycaenidae that is native to North America.

Description

The wingspan ranges from 22–24 mm (0.87–0.94 in).^[3] Hindwings have one short tail. The top side of the wing is brown, males have long oval dark spots on the leading edge of their forewings. The hindwings have submarginal black spots above the tail and below the postmedian line is faint.

Life history

There is one flight period from March to April in the south and in the north it is on wing from mid-May to early June.^[3] Females will lay eggs singly on flower buds. The caterpillars eat both the flower and the developing seedpods. Chrysalids hibernate in loosely formed cocoons beneath litter below the plant. Larval foods include the pea family (Fabaceae), indigo (Baptisia tinctoria), lupine (Lupinus perennis), and rattlebox (Crotalaria sagittalis).^[3]

Range

They range from local colonies in Maine west across New York, southern Ontario,^[3] and Michigan into Wisconsin, then south along the Atlantic Coast west into Louisiana and eastern Texas. Within this range they tend to stick to open woods and scrublands.^[4]

In 2011, zoologists with the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation found populations of the butterfly in the city of Suffolk, Virginia, and a volunteer also found a population at Antioch Pines Natural Area Preserve. The butterfly had not been reported in Virginia since 1994. The species is listed as threatened in Connecticut,^[5] New York,^[6] and Michigan.^[7]

References

^ "NatureServe Explorer 2.0 Callophrys irus Frosted Elfin". explorer.natureserve.org. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
^ Frosted Elfin, Butterflies and Moths of North America
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Frosted Elfin, Butterflies of Canada
^ "BugGuide Species Callophrys irus - Frosted Elfin". Retrieved 2009-05-30.
^ "Connecticut's Endangered, Threatened and Special Concern Species 2015". State of Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Bureau of Natural Resources. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
^ https://www.dec.ny.gov/docs/wildlife_pdf/sgcnfrostelfin.pdf "Species Status Assessment 2014". Retrieved February 24, 2023.
^ "Threatened and endangered species list". www.michigan.gov. Retrieved 2023-06-22.

"Species Detail: BMNA". Archived from the original on 2009-07-17. Retrieved 2009-05-30.

Taxon identifiers
Callophrys irus	Wikidata: Q3267891 Wikispecies: Callophrys irus BAMONA: Callophrys-irus BioLib: 701821 BOLD: 33847 BugGuide: 5430 EoL: 4051699 GBIF: 4300292 iNaturalist: 198817 ITIS: 777851 MONA: 4325 NatureServe: 2.116737 NCBI: 1642214 Open Tree of Life: 3140019

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