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Caricaceae

Carica papaya
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Brassicales
Family:	Caricaceae Dumort.
Genera
See text

The Caricaceae are a family of flowering plants in the order Brassicales,^[1] found primarily in tropical regions of Central and South America and Africa. They are usually short-lived evergreen pachycaul shrubs or small to medium-sized trees growing to 5–10 m tall. One species, Vasconcellea horovitziana is a liana and the three species of the genus Jarilla are herbs.^[2] Some species, such as the papaya, bear edible fruit and produce papain.^[3]

Based on molecular analyses, this family has been proposed to have originated in Africa in the early Cenozoic era, ~66 million years ago (mya). The dispersal from Africa to Central America occurred ~35 mya, possibly via ocean currents from the Congo delta. From Central America, the family reached South America 19-27 mya.^[4]

The family comprises six genera and about 34-35 species:

Caricaceae

Carica – one species, Carica papaya (papaya), Americas

	Horovitzia – one species, Mexico

	Jarilla – four species, Americas

	Jacaratia – eight species, Americas

	Vasconcellea – twenty species, Americas

Cylicomorpha – two species, Africa

References

^ "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. 2009. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. hdl:10654/18083.
^ Carvalho, Fernanda; Renner, Susanne (2013). "Correct names for some of the closest relatives of Carica papaya: A review of the Mexican/Guatemalan genera Jarilla and Horovitzia". PhytoKeys (29): 63–74. doi:10.3897/phytokeys.29.6103. PMC 3881347. PMID 24399895.
^ "Home Page - BRAHMS Online".
^ Carvalho, FA; Renner, SS (2012). "A dated phylogeny of the papaya family (Caricaceae) reveals the crop's closest relatives and the family's biogeographic history". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 65 (1): 46–53. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.05.019. PMID 22659516.

v t e Extant Caricaceae species
Carica	C. papaya
Cylicomorpha	C. parviflora C. solmsii
Horovitzia	H. cnidoscoloides
Jacaratia	J. chocoensis J. corumbensis J. digitata J. dolichaula J. heptaphylla J. mexicana J. spinosa
Jarilla	J. chocola J. heterophylla J. nana
Vasconcellea	V. candicans V. cauliflora V. cestriflora V. chilensis V. crassipetala V. glandulosa V. goudotiana V. horovitziana V. longiflora V. microcarpa V. monoica V. omnilingua V. palandensis V. parviflora V. pubescens V. pulchra V. quercifolia V. sphaerocarpa V. sprucei V. stipulata V. weberbaueri

Families of flowering plants (APG IV)

Basal

angio

sperms

Amborellales	Amborellaceae
Nymphaeales	Hydatellaceae Cabombaceae Nymphaeaceae
Austrobaileyales	Austrobaileyaceae Trimeniaceae Schisandraceae

Mesangiospermae

Magnoliidae

Canellales	Canellaceae Winteraceae
Piperales	Aristolochiaceae Saururaceae Piperaceae
Magnoliales	Myristicaceae Magnoliaceae Degeneriaceae Himantandraceae Eupomatiaceae Annonaceae
Laurales	Calycanthaceae Siparunaceae Gomortegaceae Atherospermataceae Hernandiaceae Monimiaceae Lauraceae

Chloranthidae

Chloranthales	Chloranthaceae

Lilidae
(Monocots)

Acorales	Acoraceae
Alismatales	Araceae Tofieldiaceae Alismataceae Butomaceae Hydrocharitaceae Scheuchzeriaceae Aponogetonaceae Juncaginaceae Maundiaceae Zosteraceae Potamogetonaceae Posidoniaceae Ruppiaceae Cymodoceaceae
Petrosaviales	Petrosaviaceae
Dioscoreales	Nartheciaceae Burmanniaceae Dioscoreaceae
Pandanales	Triuridaceae Velloziaceae Stemonaceae Cyclanthaceae Pandanaceae
Liliales	Campynemataceae Corsiaceae Melanthiaceae Petermanniaceae Alstroemeriaceae Colchicaceae Philesiaceae Ripogonaceae Smilacaceae Liliaceae
Asparagales	Orchidaceae Boryaceae Blandfordiaceae Asteliaceae Lanariaceae Hypoxidaceae Doryanthaceae Ixioliriaceae Tecophilaeaceae Iridaceae Xeronemataceae Asphodelaceae Amaryllidaceae Asparagaceae
Arecales	Dasypogonaceae Arecaceae
Commelinales	Hanguanaceae Commelinaceae Philydraceae Pontederiaceae Haemodoraceae
Zingiberales	Strelitziaceae Lowiaceae Heliconiaceae Musaceae Cannaceae Marantaceae Costaceae Zingiberaceae
Poales	Typhaceae Bromeliaceae Rapateaceae Xyridaceae Eriocaulaceae Mayacaceae Thurniaceae Juncaceae Cyperaceae Restionaceae Flagellariaceae Joinvilleaceae Ecdeiocoleaceae Poaceae

Ceratophyllidae

Ceratophyllales	Ceratophyllaceae

Eudicots

Buxales	Buxaceae
Proteales	Sabiaceae Nelumbonaceae Platanaceae Proteaceae
Ranunculales	Eupteleaceae Papaveraceae Circaeasteraceae Lardizabalaceae Menispermaceae Berberidaceae Ranunculaceae
Trochodendrales	Trochodendraceae
Dilleniales	Dilleniaceae
Gunnerales	Myrothamnaceae Gunneraceae

Superrosids

Saxifragales	Peridiscaceae Paeoniaceae Altingiaceae Hamamelidaceae Cercidiphyllaceae Daphniphyllaceae Iteaceae Grossulariaceae Saxifragaceae Crassulaceae Aphanopetalaceae Tetracarpaeaceae Penthoraceae Haloragaceae Cynomoriaceae

Rosids

Vitales

Vitaceae

Fabids

Cucurbitales	Apodanthaceae Anisophylleaceae Corynocarpaceae Coriariaceae Cucurbitaceae Tetramelaceae Datiscaceae Begoniaceae
Fabales	Quillajaceae Fabaceae Surianaceae Polygalaceae
Fagales	Nothofagaceae Fagaceae Myricaceae Juglandaceae Casuarinaceae Ticodendraceae Betulaceae
Rosales	Rosaceae Barbeyaceae Dirachmaceae Elaeagnaceae Rhamnaceae Ulmaceae Cannabaceae Moraceae Urticaceae
Zygophyllales	Krameriaceae Zygophyllaceae
Celastrales	Lepidobotryaceae Celastraceae
Malpighiales	Pandaceae Irvingiaceae Ctenolophonaceae Rhizophoraceae Erythroxylaceae Ochnaceae Bonnetiaceae Clusiaceae Calophyllaceae Podostemaceae Hypericaceae Caryocaraceae Lophopyxidaceae Putranjivaceae Centroplacaceae Elatinaceae Malpighiaceae Balanopaceae Trigoniaceae Dichapetalaceae Euphroniaceae Chrysobalanaceae Humiriaceae Achariaceae Violaceae Goupiaceae Passifloraceae Lacistemataceae Salicaceae Peraceae Rafflesiaceae Euphorbiaceae Linaceae Ixonanthaceae Picrodendraceae Phyllanthaceae
Oxalidales	Huaceae Connaraceae Oxalidaceae Cunoniaceae Elaeocarpaceae Cephalotaceae Brunelliaceae

Malvids

Brassicales	Akaniaceae Tropaeolaceae Moringaceae Caricaceae Limnanthaceae Setchellanthaceae Koeberliniaceae Bataceae Salvadoraceae Emblingiaceae Tovariaceae Pentadiplandraceae Gyrostemonaceae Resedaceae Capparaceae Cleomaceae Brassicaceae
Crossosomatales	Aphloiaceae Geissolomataceae Strasburgeriaceae Staphyleaceae Guamatelaceae Stachyuraceae Crossosomataceae
Geraniales	Geraniaceae Francoaceae
Huerteales	Gerrardinaceae Petenaeaceae Tapisciaceae Dipentodontaceae
Malvales	Cytinaceae Muntingiaceae Neuradaceae Malvaceae Sphaerosepalaceae Thymelaeaceae Bixaceae Cistaceae Sarcolaenaceae Dipterocarpaceae
Myrtales	Combretaceae Lythraceae Onagraceae Vochysiaceae Myrtaceae Melastomataceae Crypteroniaceae Alzateaceae Penaeaceae
Picramniales	Picramniaceae
Sapindales	Biebersteiniaceae Nitrariaceae Kirkiaceae Burseraceae Anacardiaceae Sapindaceae Rutaceae Simaroubaceae Meliaceae

Superasterids

Berberidopsidales	Aextoxicaceae Berberidopsidaceae
Caryophyllales	Frankeniaceae Tamaricaceae Plumbaginaceae Polygonaceae Droseraceae Nepenthaceae Drosophyllaceae Dioncophyllaceae Ancistrocladaceae Rhabdodendraceae Simmondsiaceae Physenaceae Asteropeiaceae Macarthuriaceae Microteaceae Caryophyllaceae Achatocarpaceae Amaranthaceae Stegnospermataceae Limeaceae Lophiocarpaceae Kewaceae Barbeuiaceae Gisekiaceae Aizoaceae Phytolaccaceae Petiveriaceae Sarcobataceae Nyctaginaceae Molluginaceae Montiaceae Didiereaceae Basellaceae Halophytaceae Talinaceae Portulacaceae Anacampserotaceae Cactaceae
Santalales	Olacaceae Opiliaceae Balanophoraceae Santalaceae Misodendraceae Schoepfiaceae Loranthaceae

Asterids

Cornales	Nyssaceae Hydrostachyaceae Hydrangeaceae Loasaceae Curtisiaceae Grubbiaceae Cornaceae
Ericales	Balsaminaceae Marcgraviaceae Tetrameristaceae Fouquieriaceae Polemoniaceae Lecythidaceae Sladeniaceae Pentaphylacaceae Sapotaceae Ebenaceae Primulaceae Theaceae Symplocaceae Diapensiaceae Styracaceae Sarraceniaceae Roridulaceae Actinidiaceae Clethraceae Cyrillaceae Ericaceae Mitrastemonaceae

Lamiids

Icacinales	Oncothecaceae Icacinaceae
Metteniusales	Metteniusaceae
Garryales	Eucommiaceae Garryaceae
Gentianales	Rubiaceae Gentianaceae Loganiaceae Gelsemiaceae Apocynaceae
Boraginales	Boraginaceae
Vahliales	Vahliaceae
Solanales	Convolvulaceae Solanaceae Montiniaceae Sphenocleaceae Hydroleaceae
Lamiales	Plocospermataceae Carlemanniaceae Oleaceae Tetrachondraceae Calceolariaceae Gesneriaceae Plantaginaceae Scrophulariaceae Stilbaceae Linderniaceae Byblidaceae Martyniaceae Pedaliaceae Acanthaceae Bignoniaceae Lentibulariaceae Schlegeliaceae Thomandersiaceae Verbenaceae Lamiaceae Mazaceae Phrymaceae Paulowniaceae Orobanchaceae

Campanulids

Apiales	Pennantiaceae Torricelliaceae Griseliniaceae Pittosporaceae Araliaceae Myodocarpaceae Apiaceae
Aquifoliales	Stemonuraceae Cardiopteridaceae Phyllonomaceae Helwingiaceae Aquifoliaceae
Asterales	Rousseaceae Campanulaceae Pentaphragmataceae Stylidiaceae Alseuosmiaceae Phellinaceae Argophyllaceae Menyanthaceae Goodeniaceae Calyceraceae Asteraceae
Bruniales	Columelliaceae Bruniaceae
Dipsacales	Adoxaceae Caprifoliaceae
Escalloniales	Escalloniaceae
Paracryphiales	Paracryphiaceae

Category

Taxon identifiers

Caricaceae

Wikidata: Q156673
Wikispecies: Caricaceae
APNI: 54522
CoL: 7QZ
EoL: 4456
EPPO: 1CAAF
FloraBase: 49627
FNA: 10161
FoAO2: Caricaceae
FoC: 10161
GBIF: 6636
GRIN: 216
iNaturalist: 62822
IPNI: 77126657-1
IRMNG: 114207
ITIS: 22322
NCBI: 3647
NZOR: dcac1be0-cf86-41b0-a2a0-eccc0ad603ce
Open Tree of Life: 429480
Paleobiology Database: 55462
POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77126657-1
Tropicos: 42000126
Watson & Dallwitz: caricace
WFO: wfo-7000000114

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