| Celastrus scandens | |
|---|---|
| |
| Ripe fruit | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Celastrales |
| Family: | Celastraceae |
| Genus: | Celastrus |
| Species: | C. scandens
|
| Binomial name | |
| Celastrus scandens | |
Celastrus scandens, commonly called American bittersweet,[1] is a species of bittersweet that blooms mostly in June and is commonly found on rich, well-drained soils of woodlands.
Description
It is a sturdy perennial vine that may have twining, woody stems that are 30 feet (9.1 m) or longer and an inch or more thick at the base. The stems are yellowish-green to brown and wind around other vegetation, sometimes killing saplings by restricting further growth. It has tiny, scentless flowers at the tips of the branches. It has colorful, orange fruits that are the size of a pea. These fruits are poisonous to humans when ingested, but are favorites of birds.[2]
Uses
C. scandens roots were used by Native Americans and pioneers to induce vomiting, to treat venereal disease, and to treat symptoms of tuberculosis.[3] It also sees use as a decorative plant, both in landscaping and seasonal floral arrangements.[4]
Taxonomy
Celastrus scandens is native to central and eastern North America. It was given the name bittersweet by colonists in the 18th century because the fruits resembled the appearance of the fruits of common nightshade (Solanum dulcamara), which was also called bittersweet. Today, American bittersweet is the accepted common name of C. scandens in large part to distinguish it from an invasive relative, C. orbiculatus (Oriental bittersweet), from Asia.[2] Hybrids of C. orbiculatus and C. scandens, entirely produced from C. scandens seed and C. orbicularis pollen, showed reduced seed set and small, infertile pollen.[5]
References
- ^ Caruso, David B. (2010-04-03). "NYC study: 50 native plants disappearing". PhysOrg.com. Retrieved 2010-04-03.
- ^ a b "Celastrus scandens". Plant Finder. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 2018-07-30.
- ^ Runkel, Sylvan T.; Bull, Alvin F. (1979). Wildflowers of Iowa Woodlands. Des Moines, IA: Wallace Homestead Book Co. p. 99. ISBN 0-87069-309-3. Retrieved 24 October 2022.
- ^ https://plants.usda.gov/DocumentLibrary/plantguide/pdf/pg_cesc.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ^ Zaya, D.N., S. A. Leicht-Young, N. B. Pavlovic, K. A. Feldheim and M. V. Ashley. 2015. Genetic characterization of hybridization between native and invasive bittersweet vines (Celastrus spp.). Biological Invasions 17(10): 2975-2988. doi:10.1007/s10530-015-0926-z.
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