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Chain moray - Wikipedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Chain moray

Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)^[1]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Anguilliformes
Family:	Muraenidae
Genus:	Echidna
Species:	E. catenata
Binomial name
*Echidna catenata* (Bloch, 1795)^[2]
Synonyms^[2]
Echida catenata (Bloch, 1795) Echidna catenata flavofasciata Poey, 1867 Echidna flavofasciata Poey, 1867 Echidna fuscomaculata Poey, 1867 Gymnothorax catenatus Bloch, 1795 Muraena alusis Bleeker, 1856 Muraena catenata (Bloch, 1795) Muraena sordida Cuvier, 1816 Muraenophis catenula Lacepède, 1803 Poecilophis catenatus (Bloch, 1795)

Echidna catenata, commonly known as the chain moray, is a moray eel found in shallow parts of the western Atlantic Ocean and from islands elsewhere in the Atlantic. It occasionally makes its way into the aquarium trade. It grows to a maximum length of 165 cm (65 in) but a more common length is about 40 cm (16 in).^[3]

Description

The chain moray is an elongated, heavy, eel-like fish that commonly grows to a length of about 30 to 45 cm (12 to 18 in). The head has a rounded snout and pointed, blunt teeth, especially on the roof of the mouth. These teeth are used to crush the shells of crabs, their main source of food. The dorsal, tail and anal fins are combined into a single long fin, and there are no pectoral or ventral fins. The skin does not bear scales, but is covered with a layer of clear mucus. This fish is dark brown to black, marked with an interconnecting lattice-work of yellow, chain-like lines. The eyes are yellow.^[3]^[4]

Distribution and habitat

The species is found in the western Atlantic Ocean, where its range extends from Bermuda, Florida, and The Bahamas, to the Antilles and Brazil. It is common in the Caribbean, and is also reported from the eastern Atlantic (Cape Verde and Ascension Island) and some southern Atlantic islands. It is found on reefs and rocky shores in clear water at depths of less than 12 m (39 ft), and usually within 2 m (6.6 ft) of the surface.^[3]

Ecology

Mainly nocturnal, the chain moray hides in holes and crevices in shallow water during the day, often with its head projecting. It continually opens and closes its mouth to increase the flow of water over its gills.^[4] A carnivore, it feeds on such organisms as crabs, which are the mainstay of its diet, shrimps, worms, octopuses^[5] and small fish. Its blunt teeth are especially adapted for feeding on crustaceans. It does not always leave its hiding place to forage, sometimes remaining where it is, ready to grab any prey that passes.^[6] It sometimes forages in tide pools and is able to survive for up to half an hour out of water.^[3] As well as ambushing prey, its feeding strategies include searching under the rims of pools, beneath rocks and in holes for prey, stalking observed prey or chasing it for a distance of up to 5 m (16 ft). When close enough to its prey, usually when it is within 5 to 10 cm (2 to 4 in), it strikes, an action it can perform with its body wholly or partly out of the water. When captured, large crabs are torn apart while small ones are swallowed whole.^[3]

References

^ Smith, D.G.; McCosker, J.; Tighe, K. (2015). "Echidna catenata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T195680A2401242. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T195680A2401242.en.
^ ^a ^b Bailly, Nicolas (2013). "Echidna catenata (Bloch, 1795)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2014-05-11.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Froese, Rainer. "Echidna catenata (Bloch, 1795)". FishBase. Archived from the original on 2021-09-25. Retrieved 2014-05-10.
^ ^a ^b De Kluijver, M.; Gijswijt, G.; de Leon, R.; da Cunda, I. "Chain moray (Echidna catenata)". Interactive Guide to Caribbean Diving. Marine Species Information Portal. Archived from the original on 2018-11-23. Retrieved 2014-05-09.
^ Lalla, Tanisha (2016). "Echidna catenata (Chain Moray)" (PDF). The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago. University of the West Indies. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 August 2022. Retrieved 5 May 2024.
^ Randell, J. E. (1967). "Chain moray" (PDF). Food habits of reef fishes of the West Indies. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-05-12. Retrieved 2014-05-09.

External links

Media related to Echidna catenata at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Echidna catenata at Wikispecies

Taxon identifiers
Echidna catenata	Wikidata: Q3720159 Wikispecies: Echidna catenata BOLD: 86918 CoL: 6DVQB EoL: 46561770 FishBase: 2609 GBIF: 5213083 iNaturalist: 153471 IRMNG: 10151642 ITIS: 161171 IUCN: 195680 NCBI: 1159274 Observation.org: 161233 OBIS: 278676 Open Tree of Life: 369657 WoRMS: 278676

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