Chlorurus sordidus

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Chlorurus sordidus - Wikipedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Chlorurus sordidus

Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)^[1]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Labriformes
Family:	Scaridae
Genus:	Chlorurus
Species:	C. sordidus
Binomial name
*Chlorurus sordidus* (Forsskål, 1775)
Synonyms^[2]
Scarus sordidus Forsskål, 1775 Callyodon sordidus (Forsskål, 1775) Scarus erythrodon Valenciennes, 1840 Callyodon erythrodon (Valenciennes, 1840) Xanothon erythrodon (Valenciennes, 1840) Scarus variegatus Valenciennes, 1840 Scarus nigricans Valenciennes, 1840 Scarus purpureus Valenciennes, 1840 Scarus sumbawensis Bleeker, 1848 Scarus gymnognathos Bleeker, 1853 Scarus celebicus Bleeker, 1854 Pseudoscarus margaritus Cartier, 1874 Callyodon margaritus (Cartier, 1874) Scarus margaritus (Cartier, 1874) Xanothon margaritus (Cartier, 1874) Pseudoscarus goldiei Macleay, 1883 Pseudoscarus platodoni Seale, 1901 Pseudoscarus vitriolinus Bryan, 1906 Callyodon cyanogrammus Jordan & Seale, 1906 Callyodon albipunctatus Seale, 1910 Callyodon rostratus Seale, 1910 Scaridea leucotaeniata Fowler, 1944 Callyodon bipallidus J.L.B. Smith, 1956 Xanothon bipallidus (J.L.B. Smith, 1956)

Chlorurus sordidus, known commonly as the daisy parrotfish or bullethead parrotfish, is a species of marine fish in the family Scaridae.

Description

The initial phase has very variable colouration. The smaller fishes can be a uniform dark brown to light gray and they may or may not possess a light band surrounding a dark spot on the caudal peduncle. Larger specimens can show a series of irregular rows of small, light spots towards the tail or they may have the light band surrounding the dark spot on the caudal peduncle. The terminal phase, male, is also variable and may have a large tan area on the flanks or on its caudal peduncle. It has a rounded snout.^[2]

Chlorurus sordidus is a medium size fish and can reach a maximum size of 40 cm (16 in) length.^[2]

Distribution

Chlorurus sordidus is widespread throughout the tropical waters of the Indo-Pacific region, Red Sea included.^[3]

Habitat and biology

Before going to sleep, Chlorurus sordidus secretes a mucus which surrounds the fish in a complete cocoon. The purpose of this mucus cocoon is not completely understood, but one theory is that it protects the fish from parasitic gnathiids.^[4] This species is known to be predated on by the honeycomb grouper (Epinephelus merra) and the coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus), its parasites include the monogenean Benedenia scari.^[3] It is a sociable fish which schools with other parrotfishes such as Scarus psittacus.^[5]

Chlorurus sordidus is one of the most widespread species of parrotfish, and it is highly variable with some of the geographically determined forms probably being at least subspecies. It occurs in both coral rich and open pavement areas of shallow reef flats, in lagoon reefs and seaward reefs, it can also be found at drop-offs. The juveniles inhabit areas of coral rubble in reef flats and lagoons. The juveniles and females in their initial phase form large groups that move long distances between their feeding grounds and the areas used for sleeping at night. They feed on benthic algae. This species is a protogynous hermaphrodite and the sex change occurs when the attain a total length of 35.1–47.2 centimetres (13.8–18.6 in).^[2]

Taxonomy

Chlorurus sordidus has been split by some authorities and the Red Sea dn Indian Ocean populations are regarded as C. sordidus while Chlorurus spilurus occurs in the Pacific and Eastern Indian Ocean, this is based on mitochondrial DNA sequencing and on morphological data. It is also probable that the Red Sea population will also be demonstrated to be specifically distinct.^[1] Scarus sordidus was described by the Swedish explorer, orientalist and naturalist Peter Forsskål (1732-1763), the description was published in 1775 with the type locality being Hurghada in Egypt.^[6]

References

^ ^a ^b Choat, J.H.; Carpenter, K.E.; Clements, K.D.; Rocha, L.A.; Russell, B.; Myers, R.; Lazuardi, M.E.; Muljadi, A.; Pardede, S.; Rahardjo, P. (2012). "Chlorurus sordidus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012: e.T190715A17795228. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T190715A17795228.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Chlorurus sordidus". FishBase. August 2019 version.
^ ^a ^b "Bullethead Parrotfish Chlorurus sordidus (Forsskål 1775)". eol.com. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
^ Yong, Ed (2010-11-17). "Parrotfish sleep in a mosquito net made of mucus". Discover. Retrieved 2019-08-31.
^ Steven S. Amesbury & Robert F. Myers (2001). "Chlorurus sordidus Forsskål (Multicolored Parrotfish; Palagsi, Lagua)". Guide to the Coastal Resources of Guam: Vol. 1 THE FISHES. University of Guam. Archived from the original on 2012-10-24.
^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Scarus sordidus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 9 February 2020.

External links

Media related to Chlorurus sordidus at Wikimedia Commons
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=219082
https://www.zesea.com/en/parrot-fish-working-for-coral-reefs/
Photos of Chlorurus sordidus on Sealife Collection

Taxon identifiers
Chlorurus sordidus	Wikidata: Q2249706 Wikispecies: Chlorurus sordidus ADW: Chlorurus_sordidus AFD: Chlorurus_sordidus ARKive: chlorurus-sordidus BioLib: 155168 BOLD: 25742 FishBase: 5556 GBIF: 5211134 iNaturalist: 68028 IRMNG: 11112246 ITIS: 613235 IUCN: 190715 NCBI: 126671 OBIS: 219082 Open Tree of Life: 436737 WoRMS: 219082
Scarus sordidus	Wikidata: Q15224513 CoL: 4V3NG GBIF: 2393512 IRMNG: 11304464 ITIS: 170823 WoRMS: 219116

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