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Chulyms - Wikipedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Chulyms
Regions with significant populations

Russia • Tomsk Oblast • Krasnoyarsk Krai	382^[1]
Languages
Chulym, Russian
Religion
Russian Orthodox, and Shamanism
Related ethnic groups
Khakas, Fuyu Kyrgyz, Siberian Tatars, Shors, Chelkans, Kumandins, Tubalars,

The Chulyms, also Chulym Tatars or Tom Karagas (self-designation: Сыбырлар, Sıbırlar), are a Turkic people in the Tomsk Oblast and Krasnoyarsk Krai in Russia. In 2021, there were 382 Chulyms in Russia.

History

The Chulym Tatars first came to the Chulym River when they were driven from their homes in the Sibir Khanate by the forces of Ermak Timofeevich.^[2] They used to live along the middle and lower reaches of the Chulym River (tributary of the Ob River). The Russians used to call them the Chulymian Tatars. The Chulyms appeared in the 16th century as a result of mixing of some of the Turkic groups, who had migrated to the East after the fall of the Khanate of Sibir, partially Teleuts, Yenisei Kyrgyz and groups of Tobolsk Tatars.^[3]

During the 16th century, the Russian conquered the Chulyms and their newly settled land. In 1720, the Chulyms were forcefully converted to Christianity.^[3] In the early 19th century, the Chulyms were mandated by an edict from the Russian authorities to increase their productivity which further disenfranchised them as they were already burdened with heavy taxation. Under Soviet rule, the Chulyms were collectivized and forced to adopt a sedentary lifestyle. The ideologies of the Soviet government were also imposed upon the Chulyms and their culture.^[3] Most of the Chulyms' descendants blended with the Khakas and Russians.

Culture

They speak Chulym-Turkic language known as Ös and adhere to a religious mixture of Sunni Islam, Russian Orthodoxy and Shamanism.

The Chulyms were originally hunters and trappers. However, modernization has changed their livelihood and they mainly work in factories, tanneries and sawmills.^[4]

Notes

^ "Национальный состав населения". [1] Federal State Statistic Service Federal State Statistics Service (Russia) (in Russian)
^ Wixman, Ronald (2017). Peoples of the USSR: An Ethnographic Handbook. Routledge. p. 48. ISBN 978-1-315-47540-0.
^ ^a ^b ^c "The Chulym Tatars". www.eki.ee. The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire. Retrieved 2020-09-05.
^ Olson, James Stuart; Pappas, Lee Brigance; Pappas, Nicholas Charles; Pappas, Nicholas C. J. (1995). An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 162. ISBN 978-0-313-27497-8.

References

James Stuart Olson, Lee Brigance Pappas and Nicholas Charles Pappas. "An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires". Greenwood Press, 1994. page 162

Turkic peoples

Peoples

Azerbaijani communities	Azerbaijanis Iranian Azerbaijanis Shahsevans Küresünni Georgian Azerbaijanis Western Azerbaijanis Karapapakhs Javanshir Qizilbash
Kazakh communities	Kazakhs Chinese Kazakhs Iranian Kazakhs Mongolian Kazakhs
Kyrgyz communities	Kyrgyz Chinese Kyrgyz Akto Turkmen Afghan Kyrgyz Tajik Kyrgyz Van Kyrgyz
Turkmen¹ communities	Turkmens Afghan Turkmens Ansarlu Iranian Turkmens Akto Turkmen
Turkish communities²	Turks Gajal Muhacirs Tahtacıs Yörüks Abkhazian Turks Algerian Turks Kouloughlis Bosnian Turks Bulgarian Turks Croatian Turks Cretan Turks Cypriot Turks Dodecanese Turks Egyptian Turks Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman¹ Israeli Turks Kosovan Turks Lebanese Turks Libyan Turks Macedonian Turks Meskhetian (Ahiska) Turks Montenegrin Turks Palestinian Turks Romanian Turks Serbian Turks Syrian Turkmen/Turkoman¹ Tunisian Turks Western Thracian Turks
Turkic peoples in Uzbekistan	Uzbeks Karakalpaks
Turkic minorities in China	Äynu Chinese Tatars Chinese Kazakhs Chinese Kyrgyz Akto Turkmen Chinese Uzbeks Fuyu Kyrgyz Ili Turks Salar Uyghurs Tor Uyghurs Yugurs
Turkic minorities in Crimea	Crimean Karaites Crimean Tatars Krymchaks Urums
Turkic minorities in Iran	Iranian Azerbaijanis Afshar Chaharmahali Turks Khalajs Khorasani Turks Qarai Turks Qashqai Iranian Turkmens Iranian Kazakhs
Turkic minorities in Russia	Altaians Chelkans Telengits Tubalars Balkars Bashkirs Besermyan Chulyms Chuvash Dolgans Karachays Khakas Koibal Kumandins Kumyks Nogais Shors Soyots Tatars Astrakhan Tatars Kryashens Mishar Tatars Nağaybäk Volga Tatars Siberian Tatars Siberian Bukharans Teleuts Tofalars Tuvans Tozhu Tuvans Yakuts
Turkic minorities in Mongolia	Khotons Mongolian Kazakhs Dukha
Turkic minorities in Afghanistan	Afghan Turkmens Afshar Aimaqs Timuri Ansarlu Karategin Uzbeks Afghan Kyrgyz
Turkic minorities in Europe (exc. Russia)	Crimean Karaites Bulgarian Crimean Tatars Finnish Tatars Gagauz Lipka Tatars Tatars of Romania
Extinct Turkic groups	Alat Az Basmyl Barsils Berendei Bulaqs Bulgars Chigils Black Klobuks Cumans Dingling Duolu Dughlats Esegel Göktürks Kangly Karluks Keraites Khazars Kimek Kipchaks Sir-Kıvchak Kurykans Kutrigurs Merkit Naimans Nushibi Oghuz Turks Turkomans Pechenegs Onogurs Sabirs Saragurs Shatuo Tiele Türgesh Tuhsi Torks Toquz Oghuz Uriankhai Utigurs Xueyantuo Yenisei Kyrgyz Yueban Yagma Yabaku

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Diasporas

¹ Central Asian (i.e. Turkmeni, Afghani and Iranian) Turkmens, distinct from Levantine (i.e. Iraqi and Syrian) Turkmen/Turkoman minorities, who mostly adhere to an Ottoman-Turkish heritage and identity. ² In traditional areas of Turkish settlement (i.e. former Ottoman territories).

Ethnic groups in Russia

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Far North	Aleuts Chukchis Chulyms Chuvans Dolgans Enets Itelmens Kamchadals Kereks Kets Khanty Koryaks Alyutors Apuka Karaga Mansi Naukan Nenets Khandeyar Nganasans Selkups Yughs Yukaghir Yupiks
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Far East	Ainus Evenks Hamnigans Evens Nanai Negidals Nivkhs Orochs Oroks Taz Udege Ulchs
Siberia	Kamasins Kumandins Shors Aba Soyots Siberian Tatars Baraba Tatars Chat Tatars Eushta Tatars Kalmak Tatars Siberian Bukharans Zabolotnie Tatars Teleuts Tofalars
Dagestan	Abazins Aghuls Aukhovite Chechens Avars Akhvakhs Andis Archis Bagvalals Bezhtas Botlikhs Chamalals Godoberi Hinukhs Hunzibs Karatas Khwarshi Tindis Tsez Azerbaijanis Dargins Kaitags Kubachins [ru] Kumyks Laks Lezgins Nogais Ak Nogai Karagash Rutuls Tabasarans Talysh Tats Tsakhurs
Other	Besermyan Tver Karelians

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v t e Immigration to Russia
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