2 Entertain Video Limited

BBC Studios Home Entertainment's on-screen logo (top) BBC Studios Home Entertainment's legal logo (bottom)
Trade name	BBC Studios Home Entertainment
Formerly	BBC Video (1980–2004) Rushstage Limited (June–August 1985)[1] Future Vision Limited (1985–1987)[1] Video Collection International Limited (1987–2004)[1] BBC DVD (1997–2009) BBC Home Entertainment (2009–2018)
Company type	Private limited company[1]
Industry	Video and Music Publishing
Founded	1980; 44 years ago (1980) (BBC Video/DVD) 21 June 1985; 39 years ago (1985-06-21) (Video Collection International) (As Rushstage Ltd) September 2004; 20 years ago (September 2004) (BBC Studios Home Entertainment) (As 2 Entertain)
Founders	BBC Worldwide Woolworths Group
Headquarters	London, England, UK[2]
Key people	Helene Gustavii (Jan 2013–) (CEO)
Revenue	£24 million (2023)
Net income	£4 million (2023)
Total assets	£11 million (2023)
Owner	BBC
Number of employees	1 (2023)
Parent	BBC Studios
Website	shop.bbc.com/collections/bbc-dvd/

2 Entertain Video Limited,^[1] trading as BBC Studios Home Entertainment, is a British video and music publisher founded in 2004 following the merger of BBC Video and Video Collection International by BBC Worldwide & Woolworths Group respectively.

BBC Video was established in 1980 as a division of BBC Enterprises (later BBC Worldwide) with John Ross Barnard at the head, just as home video systems were starting to gain ground.

At launch, the BBC had no agreement with British talent unions such as Equity or the Musician's Union (MU), so BBC Video was limited in the television programming it could release. Initially, video cassette and laser-disc releases were either programmes with no Equity or MU involvement, such as natural history and other documentaries, or material licensed from third parties, including feature films such as High Noon and the first video release of Deep Purple's California Jam concert.

For the first few years, the BBC produced videotapes in both VHS and Betamax formats. The company also worked with Philips on early Laserdisc releases, including a notable ornithology disc called British Garden Birds, presented by David Attenborough. This disc was released in 1982 and included digital data in the form of Teletext, which could be read by any suitably-equipped television. This pioneering use of a data channel on a consumer video format led directly to the development of the BBC Domesday Project in 1984–1986. Since videos could have stereo soundtracks, BBC Video produced stereophonic versions of many programmes that had been broadcast in mono. These included The Hitch Hiker's Guide to the Galaxy and the wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Lady Diana Spencer.

The label grew significantly from £13 million turnover in 1989 to nearly £39 million in 1994, enjoying success from television and film serials which had proved popular when first televised and faced high demand for a video release once the new technology became widespread, thus reducing the need for television reruns.

In 1991, BBC Video was the number-one video label in the UK when it sold more prerecorded videotapes, by value as well as by unit count, than any other company, even all of the Hollywood studios combined.

In October 1985, K-Tel and Braveworld, subsidiaries of the New Southgate-based Prestwich Group, in partnership with Paddy Toomey, launched "The Video Collection", a range of budget-priced video releases that were promoted as being "A video for the price of a blank tape" that would be sold at Woolworths stores across the country.^[3] Both Braveworld and The Video Collection were seen as sister labels, with The Video Collection mainly handling re-releases of classic films and special interest titles.^[4][5]

In 1986, Thames Television began releasing their home media products through The Video Collection, under the label "Thames Video Collection" (later shortened to "Thames Video"). On 16 July, Karl-Lorimar Home Video signed an agreement with The Video Collection to distribute children's, family and special interest programs and Scholastic-Lorimar Home Video releases for the British market.^[6] Shortly afterward, The Video Collection underwent a management buyout. It began operating independently through the holding company Rushstage Limited (later renamed to "Future Vision Limited", then eventually, "Video Collection International Limited" in 1987). With this, the company expanded rapidly, securing the market lead in retail video sales in the mid to late 1980s and the early to mid-1990s.^[7]

In 1989, VCI launched the "Cinema Club" budget label, signing a deal with RCA Columbia Pictures International Video/Columbia-TriStar Home Video to release their back catalogue. Also that same year, Central Independent Television's home video label, (Central Video), began distributing its products through The Video Collection, replacing Pickwick Video.

The "Strand VCI plc" subsidiary was rebranded simply to "VCI plc" in May 1993.^[8]

In 1995, VCI plc rebranded "The Video Collection" as simply "VCI". In April, VCI acquired a 49% minority stake in Hat Trick Productions' film unit - Hat Trick Films. VCI's deal would allow the company to invest £250,000 in the company's films, with a further £450,000 available for the next 18 months. The deal would expect 10 projects a year, with £50,000 paid per script. VCI already held an existing home video distribution agreement with the company for their programmes before the deal.^[9] Within the same year, the company renewed its home video deal with Thames Television.^[10] while Cinema Club became a standalone division of VCI, becoming a joint-venture with Columbia-TriStar Home Video.^[11][12]

On 20 January 1996, the company secured a ten-year extension to its home video deal with Manchester United and purchased the club's book and publishing interests for £2.4 million, allowing VCI to publish books and magazines based on the club.^[13] In September, the company secured a £300 million deal to purchase the football club, which Manchester United rejected.^[14][15][16] At the end of the year, as the result of Central's takeover by Carlton Communications, Central ended their home video contract with VCI, with their releases now going through Carlton Home Entertainment.^[10] VCI would also take over retail distribution of FilmFour releases, FilmFour would however retain rental rights, as VCI only operated retail and not rental.

At the beginning of 1998, their deal with Thames Television ended after its parent company Pearson Television formed their own video label "PT Video". Within that year, VCI signed 2 deals with both Feature Film and Channel 4. Channel 4 had initially been self-releasing its titles through its home video label, (Channel 4 Video), and had followed their prior deal with FilmFour in which VCI only handled retail.^[17][18][19] In March, VCI entered into a five-year joint venture with the Granada Media Group to launch the "Granada Video" label. The deal would bring a further 15,000 hours worth of content into VCI's catalogue, including programmes from GMG-owned ITV franchisees (Granada Television, LWT, Tyne Tees Television and Yorkshire Television), but did not include GMG's film division.^[20] On 8 September 1998, SMG, who already held a 26.1% share in VCI, approached a £31 million bid to purchase the company outright.^[21] On 22 September, the Kingfisher Group approached with a higher offer of £46.8 million. Kingfisher won out, with SMG selling their stake over to Kingfisher in October.^[22] Kingfisher's £59.3m purchase of Video Collection International was closed by December.

On 6 October 2000, Carlton Communications purchased book publisher André Deutsch from VCI plc, including literature rights to Granada Media's properties and the Manchester United Books imprint.^[23]

In July 2001, VCI plc was divested with Woolworths as part of the newly-formed Woolworths Group.^[24] By then, VCI plc consisted of the Demon Music Group, Disc Distribution, VCI and Cinema Club (the latter still being a joint-venture with Columbia-TriStar Home Entertainment). In September, the company signed a seven-year agreement with longstanding partner Ragdoll Productions to release the revival of Brum on home video,^[25][26] which was expanded in November 2002 to include Boohbah as a five-year deal.^[27]

At the end of May 2002, the Cinema Club joint venture with Columbia-TriStar Home Entertainment was terminated.^[28] Shortly afterward, VCI relaunched Cinema Club as a specialist budget catalogue division^[29] while former partner CTHE signed a new joint-venture deal with Universal Pictures UK called UCA (Universal Columbia Alliance) to release their back catalogue.^[30] Also in June, the company sold Disc Distribution to Deluxe Video Services, allowing them to physically distribute VCI's products.^[31] In July 2002, Woolworths Group announced their intentions to sell off the business.^[32]

On 12 July 2004, BBC Worldwide and Woolworths Group announced they had entered into a joint venture to form 2 Entertain (stylized as 2 | entertain), which would combine BBC Worldwide's video publishing unit (BBC Video) with Woolworths Group's video publishing, music publishing and video production unit (Video Collection International). BBC Worldwide would hold 60%, while the Woolworths Group would hold 40%, additionally, both BBC Worldwide and Woolworths Group wanted 2 Entertain to better compete with the major studios.^[33][34] The deal was completed on 27 September with Video Collection International being renamed 2 Entertain Video Ltd. in October.^[35] During this transition period, BBC Worldwide continued distributing their releases while 2 Entertain continued to use the VCI brand for theirs. By June 2005, the 2 Entertain brand replaced the VCI brand on packaging, and the transition was fully completed by September 2005 with the addition of BBC's releases. BBC Worldwide continued to hold standalone rights to children's, music, and educational releases.

Three of VCI's divisions - Demon Music Group (Music label), Cinema Club (Budget label) and Banana Split Productions (Production/Commercial label) were also brought along.^[36] Much of the home video deals and partnerships that were previously held by VCI were also retained including HIT Entertainment For Thomas & Friends releases, Ragdoll Productions for Brum, Boohbah and Rosie and Jim, and their worldwide home video deal with Manchester United. However, they would lose their two major partners; Granada Media and Channel 4. Granada's contract with VCI expired within 2004 and was not renewed, this was after the merger of Granada and Carlton into ITV plc, which also brought along Carlton Visual Entertainment, which was renamed Granada Ventures. Channel 4 announced the end of their contract with 2 Entertain in June 2005 in favour of distributing Channel 4 and FilmFour releases in-house as "Channel 4 DVD" (initially under Lace International), certifying that they were uncomfortable with BBC Worldwide's status in 2 Entertain and that it jeopardized their DVD sales.^[37]

Despite losing their two major partners, the company secured smaller deals with other companies and distributors. In August 2005, the company signed a deal with Five to launch a Milkshake! branded video label.^[38] For 2006, the company expanded their video partnership with Chapman Entertainment to include Roary the Racing Car,^[39] signed a video deal with CCI Entertainment for Harry and His Bucket Full of Dinosaurs,^[40] and a major video deal with Bristol-based animation studio Aardman Animations.^[41]

In September 2008, 2 Entertain signed a deal with RDF Rights to secure video rights to Mister Maker^[42] and Big Barn Farm.^[43] In March 2009, the company extended their Aardman deal to include Timmy Time.^[44]

On 26 November 2008, BBC Worldwide announced that it was in talks about purchasing Woolworths Group's 40% stake in 2 Entertain.^[45] BBC initially offered £100 million, but by December following Woolworths' collapse into administration they reduce the offer to £40 Million.^[46] In July 2009, BBC Worldwide had written off £15 million after the collapse of the chain.^[47] and would end up winning a court case over 2 Entertain's rights to BBC content.^[48]

In March 2010, BBC Worldwide announced that they had finally reached an agreement to purchase Woolworths Group's 40% stake in 2 Entertain, making it a fully owned subsidiary.^[49] After the deal closed, BBC Worldwide's standalone rights to children's, music and educational products transferred to 2 Entertain.

Starting in May 2012, the BBC label once again started to be solely used for BBC broadcast content, while the 2 Entertain label was reduced to being used for non-BBC broadcast content, in addition, the company was eventually renamed BBC Studios Home Entertainment (although 2 Entertain is still the legal name of the company).

In April 2022, BBC Studios Home Entertainment (and therefore 2 Entertain) signed a distribution deal with British distributor Spirit Entertainment to represent its physical catalogue in the United Kingdom, after their deal with Sony DADC expired, previously having a deal with BBC in 2011.^[50]

In the United States, BBC Video's releases were initially distributed by CBS/Fox Video throughout the 1980s and 1990s until the end of June 2000, when the two companies decided not to renew their deal. On 28 June 2000, BBC Worldwide announced a new partnership with Warner Home Video that would begin effectively on 1 July 2000, excluding the release of Walking with Dinosaurs, which was instead transferred over from CBS/Fox to Warner on 1 September 2000.^[51] In December 2006, 2 Entertain (which had been releasing most of the BBC's output in the UK around that time) renewed their US distribution agreement with Warner Home Video for BBC content.^[52]

In Australia and New Zealand, BBC Worldwide initially distributed their products through PolyGram Video before entering into a long-term partnership with both ABC Commercial and Roadshow Entertainment that began in 1996 and was renewed many times, with one of them being a four-year extension occurring in September 2008.^[53] On 30 April 2012, BBC Worldwide signed a five-year standalone Australian and New Zealand deal with Roadshow Entertainment within a five-year period, beginning 1 July.^[54] Following the expiration of this deal, BBC Worldwide/Studios began distributing its products through Universal Sony Pictures Home Entertainment. After this deal expired, the BBC transitioned distribution over to Madman Entertainment beginning in September 2023.^{[citation needed]}

In Latin America and Brazil, BBC Worldwide signed a deal with En Pantalla in March 2007 for the distribution of BBC's factual titles.^[55]

The Video Collection label was briefly used in European territories throughout the mid-late 1980s, operating in France as Vidéo Collection France, and in Spain as Vídeo Colección S.A.

In 1989, VCI formed a North American subsidiary called Strand VCI Entertainment, which would distribute content in North America. Strand VCI held the North American rights to several properties including Thomas The Tank Engine & Friends, the ABC Kidtime video lineup, the 1989 The Jungle Book anime series, as well as content from ITN. The company also released music content on VHS, including Queen's "We Will Rock You" live concert. They were rebranded as Strand Home Video in 1992.^[56]

In March 1993, Strand signed a seven-year extension with Quality Family Entertainment to continue to be the exclusive distributor for Thomas the Tank Engine & Friends home videos in North America until 1999. They also signed a distribution deal with British distributor Abbey Home Entertainment to release their products in North America, including Bump's First Video.^[57]

In December 1993, VCI plc exited the North American market and sold Strand Home Video to the Handleman Company, who would absorb Strand into the company's Video Treasures division.^[58][59]

For a brief period in 1994, Strand released audio cassettes under the "Strand Music" imprint, which like with their VHS releases was distributed through Video Treasures.^[60]

Table showing the turnover made by geographical region since 1995^[61]

Turnover	United Kingdom	United States & Canada	Rest of the World
1995	£35,132,000
1996	£29,958,000	£8,202,000	£1,578,000
1997	£28,181,000	£19,430,000	£829,000
1998	£26,738,000	£2,222,000	-115,000
1999	£36,044,000	£1,468,000	£584,000
2000	£40,666,000	£1,271,000	£154,000
2001	£37,943,000	£764,000	£311,000
2002	£50,558,000	£109,000	£193,000
2003	£65,803,000	£1,126,000	£92,000
2004	[62]
2005	£118,007,000	£2,526,000	£7,726,000
2006	£128,050,000	£26,295,000	£11,719,000
2007	£124,817,000	£30,200,000	£14,200,000
2008	£112,123,000	£97,573,000	£15,600,000
2009	£115,746,000	£74,763,000	£20,193,000
2010	£124,870,000	£63,100,000	£26,500,000
2011	£104,522,000	£64,328,000	£19,012,000
2012	£97,118,000	£41,067,000	£19,198,000
2013	£69,196,000	£41,245,000	£16,060,000
2014	£55,048,000	£37,233,000	£14,098,000
2015	£38,961,000	£33,625,000	£14,193,000
2016	£32,199,000	£24,280,000	£8,287,000
2017	£26,062,000	£22,175,000	£4,464,000
2018	£22,001,000	£22,490,000	£4,162,000
2019	£18,593,000	£16,563,000	£1,622,000
2020	£13,935,000	£9,789,000	£2,157,000
2021	£13,703,000	£8,836,000	£1,717,000