Cláudia de Campos

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Cláudia de Campos

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Cláudia de Campos
A portrait of Cláudia de Campos in her 1894 book Último Amor.
Born	Maria Cláudia de Campos January 28, 1859 Sines, Portugal
Died	December 30, 1916(1916-12-30) (aged 57) Lisbon, Portugal
Occupation	Writer, activist
Notable works	Elle (1899)

Maria Cláudia de Campos (January 28, 1859 – December 30, 1916) was a Portuguese feminist and writer, best known for her 1899 novel Elle. She was on the Board of Directors of the Portuguese League for Peace [pt]'s Feminist Sector and a member of the Portuguese Committee of the Women's League for Peace and Disarmament.

Biography

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Cláudia de Campos was born in 1859 in Sines, Portugal, the daughter of Francisco António de Campos and Maria Augusta da Palma.^[1]^[2]^[3] Her grandfather, Jacinto da Palma, was health chief for the Port of Sines.^[2]^[4]

An educated woman, de Campos was fluent in French.^[1]^[2] She specialized in English studies at Mrs. Kutle's School and wrote a manuscript about Percy Shelley, while also studying German literature.^[3]^[4]

In 1875, at age 16, she married the 19-year-old Joaquim d'Ornelas e Matos.^[1]^[2]^[3] They settled in Lisbon and had two children before legally separating in 1888, after 13 years of marriage.^[1]^[2]

After gaining her independence, she began a career as a writer, contributing to various publications including A Leitura from 1894 to 1896 and A Sociedade do Futuro from 1902 to 1904. She sometimes wrote under the pen names Colette/Colete and Carmen Silva.^[1]^[5]

Her first book, the short story collection Rindo, appeared in 1892.^[2] She is best known for her 1899 novel Elle, which is set in her hometown of Sines.^[2] The book drew controversy due to its autofictional nature, depicting real people and situations from de Campos' youth in Sines with only their names changed.^[3]

De Campos also became a feminist and pacifist activist. In the first decade of the 1900s, she served on the Board of Directors of the Portuguese League for Peace [pt]'s Feminist Sector and joined the Portuguese Committee of the Women's League for Peace and Disarmament, a French organization.^[1]^[2] Her feminist views are expressed in her 1895 essay collection Mulheres. Ensaios de psicologia feminina, which examined such figures as Charlotte Brontë, Madame de la Fayette, and Germaine de Staël.^[2]^[3]^[6] She has been described as one of "the first ambassadors of Portuguese feminism."^[7]