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Claytonia - Wikipedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Claytonia

Claytonia virginica
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Order:	Caryophyllales
Family:	Montiaceae
Genus:	Claytonia L.

Claytonia (spring beauty) is a genus of flowering plants native to Asia, North America, and Central America. The vitamin-rich leaves can be eaten raw or cooked, and the tubers can be prepared like potatoes.

Description

The plants are somewhat fleshy and only a few centimeters in height. The flower heads are about 2.5 cm (1 inch) in diameter.^[1]

Claytonia megarhiza
Flowers of Claytonia virginica

Taxonomy

The genus was formerly included in the purslane family (Portulacaceae),^[2] but with the adoption of the APG IV system, in 2009 it was moved to the family Montiaceae.^[3] A number of the species were formerly treated in the related genus Montia. A comprehensive scientific study of Claytonia was published in 2006.^[4]

Species

As of January 2019^[update], Kew's Plants of the World Online lists 33 accepted species:^[3]

Claytonia acutifolia Pall. ex Willd.
Claytonia arctica Adams
Claytonia arenicola L.F.Hend.
Claytonia arkansana Yatsk., R.Evans & Witsell
Claytonia caroliniana Michx.
Claytonia cordifolia S.Watson
Claytonia crawfordii Stoughton
Claytonia exigua Torr. & A.Gray
Claytonia gypsophiloides Fisch. & C.A.Mey.
Claytonia joanneana Schult.
Claytonia lanceolata Pursh
Claytonia megarhiza (A.Gray) Parry ex S.Watson
Claytonia multiscapa Rydb.
Claytonia nevadensis S.Watson
Claytonia obovata Rydb.
Claytonia ogilviensis McNeill
Claytonia palustris Swanson & Kelley
Claytonia panamintensis Stoughton
Claytonia parviflora Douglas
Claytonia peirsonii (Munz & I.M.Johnst.) Stoughton
Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willd.
Claytonia rosea Rydb.
Claytonia rubra (Howell) Tidestr.
Claytonia sarmentosa C.A.Mey.
Claytonia saxosa Brandegee
Claytonia scammaniana Hultén
Claytonia serpenticola Stoughton
Claytonia sibirica L.
Claytonia tuberosa Pall. ex Schult.
Claytonia udokanica Zuev
Claytonia umbellata S.Watson
Claytonia virginica L.
Claytonia washingtoniana (Suksd.) Suksd.

Etymology

The genus is named after John Clayton, who collected specimens of various plants in North America and distributed them to botanists in Europe.^[5]

Distribution and habitat

The genus is primarily native to the mountain chains of Asia and North America. In the Old World, it is distributed northwest to Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and eastern Russia.^[2] It is found in most of the northern United States,^[1] with some species located in Guatemala.

Claytonia perfoliata, the species for which the term miner's lettuce was coined, is distributed throughout the Mountain West of North America in moist soils and prefers areas that have been recently disturbed.

Uses

The leaves of the spring beauty are rich in vitamins and can be eaten raw or cooked. The roots are in the form of tubers which can be cooked and eaten like potatoes.^[1]^[6]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c The Complete Guide to Edible Wild Plants. United States Department of the Army. New York: Skyhorse Publishing. 2009. p. 62. ISBN 978-1-60239-692-0. OCLC 277203364.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
^ ^a ^b Flora North America
^ ^a ^b "Claytonia L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanical Gardens Kew. Retrieved 11 January 2019.
^ Miller, J. M. and K. L. Chambers. 2006. Systematics of Claytonia (Portulacaceae). Systematic Botany Monographs 78: 1-234. ISBN 0-912861-78-9
^ Information page John Clayton herbarium at Natural History Museum, London UK. It reports that the genus name Claytonia was originated by Johan Frederik Gronovius (died 1762) in recognition that Gronovius had received the relevant specimens from John Clayton (died 1773).
^ Angier, Bradford (1974). Field Guide to Edible Wild Plants. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books. p. 212. ISBN 0-8117-0616-8. OCLC 799792.

External links

Taxon identifiers

Claytonia

Wikidata: Q164192
Wikispecies: Claytonia
APNI: 70969
CoL: 3QR6
eFloraSA: Claytonia
EoL: 38158
EPPO: 1CLAG
FNA: 107275
FoC: 107275
GBIF: 3084729
GRIN: 2667
iNaturalist: 52995
IPNI: 32669-1
IRMNG: 1298316
ITIS: 20376
NBN: NHMSYS0000457370
NCBI: 46145
NZOR: 161cf336-ca8c-4f24-873f-5fed71238db5
Open Tree of Life: 883499
Paleobiology Database: 204018
PLANTS: CLAYT
POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30437753-2
Tropicos: 40009917
VASCAN: 1005
VicFlora: b451267d-b365-4971-8638-f6a454fc4afb
WFO: wfo-4000008523

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