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The concejo abierto (literally: "open council") is a system of government and administration of some very small Spanish municipalities and sub-municipal territorial units.^[1] An example of direct democracy,^[1] the system allows for the existence of a mayor and a consejo (English: council) or asamblea vecinal (English: neighbourhood assembly) formed by all the electors of the municipality. In contrast, the conventional system used by most municipalities is the ayuntamiento, often translated as city, town or municipal council in English, comprised (in its most basic form) of the local councillors who form the plenary (elected in a party-list proportional representation voting), and the Mayor, elected in turn by the councillors among themselves.^[2]

History

The origins of the system trace back to the Middle Ages, as a custom primarily originated in the Kingdoms of León and Castile, although it also extended to other territories as well, chiefly in the north of the Iberian Peninsula.^[3] In many settlements, the concejo abierto was replaced by the "regimiento" system (also called consejo cerrado, "close council"), in which a decision-making body of limited size formed by judges or alcaldes as well as a number of regidores appointed by the King was contemplated; in the case of Castile, this process chiefly took place between 1345 and the later years of the rule of Alfonso XI.^[4]

The contemporary form of the concejo abierto is recognised in the 1978 Spanish Constitution.^[5]^[6]

References

^ ^a ^b Cosculluela Montaner 1987, p. 202.
^ Cosculluela Montaner 1987, pp. 213–214.
^ Cosculluela Montaner 1987, pp. 199–200.
^ Monsalvo Antón 1990, pp. 359–360.
^ Spanish Constitution 1978, Article 140.
^ Cosculluela Montaner 1987, p. 201.

Bibliography

Cosculluela Montaner, Luis (1987). "El Concejo Abierto" [The Open Council]. Reala. Revista de Estudios de la Administración Local y Autonómica (in Spanish) (234). Madrid: Instituto Nacional de Administración Pública: 199–224. ISSN 1989-8975.
Monsalvo Antón, José María (1990). "La sociedad política en los concejos castellanos de la Meseta durante la época del Regimiento medieval. La distribución social del poder" (PDF). Concejos y ciudades en la Edad Media hispánica (II Congreso de la Fundación Sánchez-Albornoz, León, 1989) [Councils and cities in the Spanish middle ages] (in Spanish). pp. 359–413.
"The Spanish Constitution" (PDF). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado. 1978. Retrieved 10 June 2022.

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