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Congenital epulis
Other names	Congenital gingival cell tumor
Specialty	Oncology, oral and maxillofacial surgery

Congenital epulis is a proliferation of cells most frequently occurring on the alveolar ridge of the upper jaw at birth. Less frequently, the mass may arise from the mandibular alveolus. Rare cases can arise from the tongue. This lesion is more commonly found in female babies, suggesting hormonal involvement during embryonic development. The cause of this type of epulis is unknown. Also known as congenital granular cell tumor or Neumann's tumor; historically referred to as granular cell myoblastoma.

Multiple lesions occur in 10% of affected neonates. The tumor is typically pedunculated and varies in maximum size from 0.5 to 9 centimetres (0.20 to 3.54 in). The lesion is typically painless and does not increase in size after discovery. Some small lesions may regress over time. Treatment is surgical excision. Recurrence is extremely rare even after incomplete excision.

References

Kahn, Michael A. (2001). Basic Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. Vol. 1.^{[page needed]}
Husain, Aliya N.; Stocker, J. Thomas; Dehner, Louis P., eds. (2016). Stocker and Dehner's Pediatric Pathology (4th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. p. 1027. ISBN 9781451193732. OCLC 907941344.
Goldblum, John R.; Folpe, Andrew L.; Weiss, Sharon W.; Enzinger, Franz M. (2014). Enzinger and Weiss's Soft Tissue Tumors (6th ed.). Elsevier Saunders. p. 845. ISBN 9780323088343. OCLC 830683916.

External links

Oral and maxillofacial pathology

Lips
Cheilitis Actinic Angular Plasma cell Cleft lip Congenital lip pit Eclabium Herpes labialis Macrocheilia Microcheilia Nasolabial cyst Sun poisoning Trumpeter's wart

Tongue
Ankyloglossia Black hairy tongue Caviar tongue Crenated tongue Cunnilingus tongue Fissured tongue Foliate papillitis Glossitis Geographic tongue Median rhomboid glossitis Transient lingual papillitis Glossoptosis Hypoglossia Lingual thyroid Macroglossia Microglossia Rhabdomyoma

Palate
Bednar's aphthae Cleft palate High-arched palate Palatal cysts of the newborn Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia Stomatitis nicotina Torus palatinus

Oral mucosa – Lining of mouth

Teeth (pulp, dentin, enamel)

Periodontium (gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, alveolus) – Gums and tooth-supporting structures

Periapical, mandibular and maxillary hard tissues – Bones of jaws

Temporomandibular joints, muscles of mastication and malocclusions – Jaw joints, chewing muscles and bite abnormalities
Bruxism Condylar resorption Mandibular dislocation Malocclusion Crossbite Open bite Overbite Overeruption Overjet Prognathia Retrognathia Scissor bite Maxillary hypoplasia Temporomandibular joint dysfunction Condylar hypoplasia Condylar hyperplasia

Salivary glands

Stomatognathic system – Teeth, jaws, tongue and associated soft tissues
Bruxism Mouth breathing Sleep apnea Catathrenia Central hypoventilation syndrome Obesity hypoventilation syndrome Obstructive sleep apnea Periodic breathing Snoring

Orofacial soft tissues – Soft tissues around the mouth
Actinomycosis Angioedema Basal cell carcinoma Cutaneous sinus of dental origin Cystic hygroma Gnathophyma Ludwig's angina Macrostomia Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome Microstomia Noma Oral Crohn's disease Orofacial granulomatosis Perioral dermatitis Pyostomatitis vegetans

Other
Eagle syndrome Hemifacial hypertrophy Facial hemiatrophy Oral manifestations of systemic disease

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Classification	D DiseasesDB: 32726
External resources	Orphanet: 157826