Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe

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Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe

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Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe
Leader	Ian Smith
Founded	23 July 1984
Dissolved	c. October 1992
Preceded by	Republican Front
Merged into	Forum Party
Headquarters	Harare
Ideology	Conservatism White interests (until 1986)
Political position	Centre-right
Colours	Purple
Politics of Zimbabwe Political parties Elections

Politics of Zimbabwe


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v t e

The Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe (CAZ) was the final incarnation of a party formerly called the Republican Front, and prior to that it was called the Rhodesian Front (RF). In the immediate post-independence period, the party sought to promote the position of White Zimbabweans and did not initially seek support amongst other ethnic groups. Following the abolition of the "white roll" seats in parliament, the CAZ attempted to distance itself from its past and appeal to black voters.^[1]

White politics post-independence

[edit]

White politics in Zimbabwe immediately after independence were mainly involved in contesting 20 reserved "white roll" seats in the Zimbabwe parliament, although some whites joined ZANU–PF. The RF party remained under the dominance of Ian Smith who insisted on keeping its identity as a white party concentrating on issues of importance to whites. The RF and later CAZ did not contest common roll seats in either 1980 or 1985. The inadequacy of this as a political strategy quickly became apparent. Most of the sitting RF MPs in the 1980 to 85 parliament either became independents or defected to ZANU–PF.

Smith's response to this in the 1985 general election was to mount a campaign against the defectors, and RF (now renamed CAZ) succeeded in winning 15 of the 20 white seats.^[2] ^{[full citation needed]} The white seats in Parliament were abolished in 1987, although CAZ continued to enjoy limited representation at municipal level. By that time, white-led civic groups such as the CZI (Confederation of Zimbabwe Industry) and CFU (Commercial Farmers Union) were openly supporting ZANU–PF.^{[citation needed]}

1985–1992

[edit]

Following the abolition of the "white roll" seats in parliament, the CAZ attempted to shed some of its past legacy and broaden its appeal by reaching out to black voters and advertising membership to people of all races.^[3]

In July 1992, Ian Smith chaired a meeting of opposition political groups with a view to forming a political front to oppose ZANU–PF. This meeting was attended by representatives of Rhodesian-era parties including CAZ, UANC, ZANU–Ndonga and ZUM.^[4] The Forum for Democratic Reform and the Forum Party (incorporating CAZ) emerged from this.^{[citation needed]}

Footnotes

[edit]

^ Pollard, p. 112, 131; Facts on File, 1984 ed., p. 574; "Ian Smith Invites Blacks to Join His Party," The New York Times, July 23, 1984, p. A5.
^ Zimbabwe Government Gazette. 12 July 1985. {{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
^ Pollard, p. 112, 131; Facts on File, 1984 ed., p. 574; "Ian Smith Invites Blacks to Join His Party," The New York Times, July 23, 1984, p. A5.
^ Adebayo O. Olukoshi. The Politics of Opposition in Contemporary Africa. p. 108.

v t e Political parties in Zimbabwe
Parliamentary parties	Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU–PF) Citizens Coalition for Change (CCC)
Other parties	Coalition of Democrats (CODE) Liberal Democrats Mavambo/Kusile/Dawn Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai (MDC–T) Mthwakazi Republic Party (MRP) National Alliance for Good Governance (NAGG) National Patriotic Front (NPF) Patriotic Union of Mandebeleland (PUMA) United Movement for Democratic Change (UMDC) United People's Party (UPP) United Parties Zimbabwe African National Union – Ndonga (ZANU–Ndonga) Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) Zimbabwe African People's Union – Federal Party (ZAPU–FP) Zimbabwe Development Party (ZDP) Zimbabwe First Party (ZimFirst) Zimbabwe Labour Party (ZLP) Zimbabwe Youth in Alliance (ZYA)
Defunct Zimbabwean parties	Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe (CAZ) Forum Party of Zimbabwe (FPZ) Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) Movement for Democratic Change Alliance (MDC-Alliance) Movement for Democratic Change – Ncube (MDC–N) Patriotic Front People's Democratic Party (PDP) Republican Front (RF) United African National Council (UANC) Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) Zimbabwe Unity Movement (ZUM) Zimbabwe United People's Organisation (ZUPO)
Defunct Rhodesian parties	Central Africa Party Centre Party (CP) City Youth League (CYL) Confederate Party Dominion Party Federal Party National Democratic Party (NDP) Reform Party Responsible Government Association (RGA) Rhodesian Action Party (RAP) Rhodesian Front (RF) Rhodesia Labour Party (RLP) Rhodesia National Party (RNP) Rhodesian White People's Party (RWPP) Southern Rhodesia African National Congress (SRANC) Southern Rhodesia Communist Party (SRCP) Southern Rhodesia Liberal Party (SRLP) United Federal Party (UFP) United National Federal Party (UNFP) United Rhodesia Party (URP)
Presidents	Canaan Banana (ZANU) Robert Mugabe (ZANU–PF) Emmerson Mnangagwa (ZANU–PF)
Prime Ministers	Robert Mugabe (ZANU–PF) Morgan Tsvangirai (MDC–T)
Key people	Nelson Chamisa (MDC–T, CCC) Arthur Mutambara (MDC–M) Abel Muzorewa (UANC) Joshua Nkomo (ZAPU, ZANU–PF) Welshman Ncube (MDC–N) Ndabaningi Sithole (ZANU, ZANU–Ndonga) Morgan Tsvangirai (MDC, MDC–T) Ian Smith (RF)
Armed factions	ZANLA (ZANU, ZANU–PF) ZIPRA (ZAPU) FROLIZI
Politics Parties by country Politics of Zimbabwe

v t e Ian Smith
Prime Minister of Rhodesia (1964–79) Leader of the Rhodesian Front and successors (1964–87) Leader of the Opposition of Zimbabwe (1980–87)
Pre-premiership	Military service Southern Rhodesia Liberal Party 1953 federation referendum Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland United Federal Party Wind of Change Decolonisation of Africa No independence before majority rule 1961 constitutional referendum Rhodesian Front
Premiership	1964 independence referendum Rhodesian mission in Lisbon Unilateral Declaration of Independence (signatories) Harry letters affair Beira Patrol 1969 constitutional referendum Rhodesian Bush War 1975 Victoria Falls Conference 1976 Geneva Conference Internal Settlement Air Rhodesia Flight 825 1979 constitutional referendum Air Rhodesia Flight 827
Post-premiership	Government of Zimbabwe-Rhodesia Lancaster House Agreement Republican Front Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe
General elections	1948 1953 1958 1962 1965 1970 1974 1977 1979 1980 1985
Books authored	The Great Betrayal: The Memoirs of Ian Douglas Smith (1997)
Family	Alec Smith (son) Janet Smith (wife) Clem Tholet (son-in-law)
Category

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