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Corps d'Afrique - Wikipedia

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Corps d'Afrique
The 1st Louisiana Native Guard disembarks at Fort Macomb, Louisiana
Active	May 1, 1863 – Apr. 4, 1864
Country	United States
Allegiance	Union
Type	Corps
Engagements	American Civil War Siege of Port Hudson (1863) Battle of Brownsville (1863) Second Bayou Teche campaign (1863) Red River campaign (1864)
Commanders
Major General	Nathaniel P. Banks

The Corps d'Afrique was an African American corps that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

Creation

On May 1, 1863, General Orders No. 40, Department of the Gulf, was issued by Major General Nathaniel P. Banks and stated the intent of forming a corps-sized unit composed of colored soldiers:

The major-general commanding the department proposes the organization of a corps d'armee of colored troops, to be designated as the Corps d'Afrique. It will consist ultimately of eighteen regiments, representing all arms -- infantry, artillery, cavalry -- making three brigades of two regiments each, and three divisions of three brigades each, with appropriate corps of engineers, and flying hospitals for each division, appropriate uniforms, and the graduation of pay to correspond with the value of services, will be hereafter awarded. ^[1]

Organization

The Corps d'Afrique was formed from the four infantry regiments of the Louisiana Native Guard raised by Major General Benjamin F. Butler (before Banks replaced him as commander of the Department of the Gulf) and the five colored infantry regiments raised by Brigadier General Daniel Ullman.^[2] Most of the remainder of the regiments would be formed at New Orleans, Louisiana.

Though the Louisiana Native Guard regiments had black officers, including Andre Cailloux and P. B. S. Pinchback, eventually Banks would purge the black officers of the Louisiana Native Guard^[3] and replace them with white soldiers from other units, primarily from the North. Units created subsequent to General Order No. 40 would be initially staffed with white officers.^[2] First Lieutenant Charles Sauvinet would be the only black officer from the Louisiana Native Guard to retain his commission until the end of the war.

Utilizing both voluntarily enlistment and conscription of freedmen and escaped slaves, the corps eventually grew to over twenty regiments^[2] before being absorbed into the Bureau of Colored Troops in April 1864. ^[4]

Units

Corps d'Afrique regiments^[4]^[5]
Predecessor unit	Corps d'Afrique unit	U.S. Colored Troops unit
Infantry
1st Louisiana Native Guard	1st Infantry (Corps d'Afrique)	73rd U.S. Colored Troops
2nd Louisiana Native Guard	2nd Infantry (Corps d'Afrique)	74th U.S. Colored Troops
3rd Louisiana Native Guard	3rd Infantry (Corps d'Afrique)	75th U.S. Colored Troops
4th Louisiana Native Guard	4th Infantry (Corps d'Afrique)	76th U.S. Colored Troops
N/A	6th Louisiana (African Descent)	(inactivated)
N/A	7th Louisiana (African Descent)	64th U.S. Colored Troops
8th Louisiana (African Descent)	(same)	47th U.S. Colored Troops
9th Louisiana (African Descent) (old)	1st Mississippi Heavy Artillery (African Descent)	5th U.S. Colored Heavy Artillery
N/A	9th Louisiana (African Descent) (new)	63rd U.S. Colored Troops
10th Louisiana (African Descent)	(same)	48th U.S. Colored Troops
11th Louisiana (African Descent)	(same)	49th U.S. Colored Troops
12th Louisiana (African Descent)	(same)	50th U.S. Colored Troops
N/A	5th Infantry (Corps d'Afrique)	77th U.S. Colored Troops
N/A	6th Infantry (Corps d'Afrique)	78th U.S. Colored Troops
N/A	7th Infantry (Corps d'Afrique)	79th U.S. Colored Troops (old)
N/A	8th Infantry (Corps d'Afrique)	80th U.S. Colored Troops
N/A	9th Infantry (Corps d'Afrique)	81st U.S. Colored Troops
N/A	10th Infantry (Corps d'Afrique)	82nd U.S. Colored Troops
N/A	11th Infantry (Corps d'Afrique)	83rd U.S. Colored Troops
N/A	12th Infantry (Corps d'Afrique)	84th U.S. Colored Troops
N/A	13th Infantry (Corps d'Afrique)	85th U.S. Colored Troops
N/A	14th Infantry (Corps d'Afrique)	86th U.S. Colored Troops
N/A	15th Infantry (Corps d'Afrique)*	99th U.S. Colored Troops
N/A	16th Infantry (Corps d'Afrique)	87th U.S. Colored Troops
N/A	17th Infantry (Corps d'Afrique)	88th U.S. Colored Troops
N/A	18th Infantry (Corps d'Afrique)	89th U.S. Colored Troops
N/A	19th Infantry (Corps d'Afrique)	90th U.S. Colored Troops
N/A	20th Infantry (Corps d'Afrique)	91st U.S. Colored Troops
N/A	22nd Infantry (Corps d'Afrique)	92nd U.S. Colored Troops
N/A	25th Infantry (Corps d'Afrique)	93rd U.S. Colored Troops
* the 15th Infantry (Corps d'Afrique) became the 5th Engineers (Corps d'Afrique) on February 10, 1864
Cavalry
Predecessor unit	Corps d'Afrique unit	U.S. Colored Troops unit
N/A	1st Cavalry (Corps d'Afrique)	4th U.S. Colored Cavalry
N/A	Mounted Rangers (Corps d'Afrique)**	N/A
** the Mounted Rangers (Corps d'Afrique) became Company F of the 1st Cavalry (Corps d'Afrique) by the end of 1863
Artillery
Predecessor unit	Corps d'Afrique unit	U.S. Colored Troops unit
1st Louisiana Heavy Artillery (African Descent)	1st Heavy Artillery (Corps d'Afrique)	10th U.S. Colored Heavy Artillery***
N/A	1st Battery, Light Artillery (Corps d'Afrique)	Battery C, 2nd U.S. Colored Heavy Artillery
N/A	2nd Battery, Light Artillery (Corps d'Afrique)	Battery D, 2nd U.S. Colored Heavy Artillery
N/A	3rd Battery, Light Artillery (Corps d'Afrique)	Battery E, 2nd U.S. Colored Heavy Artillery
*** the 1st Heavy Artillery (Corps d'Afrique) was originally designated the 7th U.S. Colored Heavy Artillery
Engineers
Predecessor unit	Corps d'Afrique unit	U.S. Colored Troops unit
1st Louisiana Engineers	1st Engineers (Corps d'Afrique)	95th U.S. Colored Troops
N/A	2nd Engineers (Corps d'Afrique)	96th U.S. Colored Troops
N/A	3rd Engineers (Corps d'Afrique)	97th U.S. Colored Troops
N/A	4th Engineers (Corps d'Afrique)	98th U.S. Colored Troops
15th Infantry (Corps d'Afrique)	5th Engineers (Corps d'Afrique)	99th U.S. Colored Troops
Medical
Predecessor unit	Corps d'Afrique unit	U.S. Colored Troops unit
N/A	Corps d'Afrique General Hospital	(same)
Bands
Predecessor unit	Corps d'Afrique unit	U.S. Colored Troops unit
N/A	Brigade Band No. 1 (Corps d'Afrique)	Brigade Band No. 1, U.S. Colored Troops
N/A	Brigade Band No. 2 (Corps d'Afrique)	Brigade Band No. 2, U.S. Colored Troops

References

^ The War of the Rebellion - A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I Volume XV (Washington: Government Printing Office), 1886, pp. 716-717.
^ ^a ^b ^c Official Records, Series I Volume XXVI Part 1, pp. 688-689.
^ Blassingame, John W. Black New Orleans, 1860-1880, University of Chicago Press, 1976, p. 44
^ ^a ^b Official Records, Series I Volume XXXIV Part 3, p. 221.
^ Dyer, Frederick Henry. A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion (Des Moines, IA: Dyer Pub. Co.), 1908.

Attribution

This article contains text from a text now in the public domain: Dyer, Frederick H. (1908). A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion. Des Moines, IA: Dyer Publishing Co.

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