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  2. Correlative-based fallacies - Wikipedia
Correlative-based fallacies - Wikipedia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Informal fallacies based on correlative conjunctions

In philosophy, correlative-based fallacies are informal fallacies based on correlative conjunctions.

Correlative conjunctions

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A correlative conjunction is a relationship between two statements where one must be false and the other true. In formal logic this is known as the exclusive or relationship; traditionally, terms between which this relationship exists have been called contradictories.

Examples

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In the following example, statement b explicitly negates statement a:

  1. Fido is a dog.
  2. Fido is not a dog.

Statements can also be mutually exclusive, without explicitly negating each other as in the following example:

  1. Object one is larger than object two.
  2. Object one is smaller or the same size as object two.

Fallacies

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Fallacies based on correlatives include:[1]

False dilemma or false correlative.
Here something which is not a correlative is treated as a correlative, excluding some other possibility.
Denying the correlative
where an attempt is made to introduce another option into a true correlative.
Suppressed correlative
where the definitions of a correlative are changed so that one of the options includes the other, making one option impossible.

See also

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  • Logical conjunction
  • Logical disjunction

References

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  1. ^ Jenicek, M. (2018). How to Think in Medicine: Reasoning, Decision Making, and Communication in Health Sciences and Professions. Taylor & Francis. p. 527. ISBN 978-1-351-68402-6. Retrieved 2 November 2024.

External links

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Correlational fallacy in psychology

  • v
  • t
  • e
Common fallacies (list)
Formal
In propositional logic
  • Affirming a disjunct
  • Affirming the consequent
  • Conflation
  • Denying the antecedent
  • Argument from fallacy
  • Masked man
  • Mathematical fallacy
In quantificational logic
  • Existential
  • Illicit conversion
  • Proof by example
  • Quantifier shift
Syllogistic fallacy
  • Affirmative conclusion from a negative premise
  • Negative conclusion from affirmative premises
  • Exclusive premises
  • Existential
  • Necessity
  • Four terms
  • Illicit major
  • Illicit minor
  • Undistributed middle
Informal
Equivocation
  • Equivocation
  • False equivalence
  • False attribution
  • Moral equivalence
  • Conflation
  • Quoting out of context
  • Loki's Wager
  • No true Scotsman
  • Semantic argument
  • Reification
    • Map–territory relation
Question-begging
  • Circular reasoning / Begging the question
  • Loaded language
    • Leading question
  • Compound question / Loaded question / Complex question
  • No true Scotsman
Correlative-based
  • False dilemma
    • Perfect solution
  • Denying the correlative
  • Suppressed correlative
Illicit transference
  • Composition
  • Division
  • Ecological
Secundum quid
  • Accident
  • Converse accident
Faulty generalization
  • Anecdotal evidence
  • Sampling bias
    • Cherry picking
    • McNamara
  • Base rate / Conjunction
  • Double counting
  • False analogy
  • Slothful induction
  • Overwhelming exception
Ambiguity
  • Accent
  • False precision
  • Moving the goalposts
  • Quoting out of context
  • Slippery slope
  • Sorites paradox
  • Syntactic ambiguity
Questionable cause
  • Animistic
    • Furtive
  • Correlation implies causation
    • Cum hoc
    • Post hoc
  • Gambler's
    • Inverse
  • Regression
  • Single cause
  • Slippery slope
  • Texas sharpshooter
Appeals
  • Law/Legality
  • Stone / Proof by assertion
Consequences
  • Argumentum ad baculum
  • Wishful thinking
Emotion
  • Children
  • Fear
  • Flattery
  • Novelty
  • Pity
  • Ridicule
  • In-group favoritism
  • Invented here / Not invented here
  • Island mentality
  • Loyalty
  • Parade of horribles
  • Spite
  • Stirring symbols
  • Wisdom of repugnance
Genetic fallacy
Ad hominem
  • Appeal to motive
  • Association
    • Reductio ad Hitlerum
    • Reductio ad Stalinum
  • Bulverism
  • Poisoning the well
  • Tone
  • Tu quoque
  • Whataboutism
  • Authority
    • Accomplishment
    • Ipse dixit
    • Poverty / Wealth
  • Etymology
  • Nature
  • Tradition / Novelty
    • Chronological snobbery
Other fallacies
of relevance
Arguments
  • Ad nauseam
    • Sealioning
  • Argument from anecdote
  • Argument from incredulity
  • Argument from silence
  • Argument to moderation
  • Argumentum ad populum
  • Cliché
  • The Four Great Errors
  • I'm entitled to my opinion
  • Ignoratio elenchi
  • Invincible ignorance
  • Moralistic / Naturalistic
  • Motte-and-bailey fallacy
  • Psychologist's fallacy
  • Rationalization
  • Red herring
    • Two wrongs make a right
  • Special pleading
  • Straw man
  • Category
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