Ensiklopedia Dunia

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A couvreface in fortification architecture is a small outwork that was built in front of the actual fortress ditch before bastions or ravelins. It usually just consisted of a low rampart with a breastwork that protected its defending infantry. Another ditch in front of the work guarded it from immediate frontal assault. The function of couvrefaces was to protect the faces of the higher ravelin or bastion behind it from direct artillery fire. So that the couvreface and the works behind it could not come under simultaneous fire from an enemy battery along the line of the ramparts they were not allowed to run parallel to one another. Similar to the couvreface is the larger counterguard which, by contrast, was designed to enable the positioning of guns. Couvrefaces are found particularly in Dutch and French fortifications from the 17th to the early 19th centuries.^[1]

References

^ Rüstow: Militärisches Handwörterbuch. 1859, s.v. Contregarden

Fortifications

Ancient

Post-classical

Advanced work
Albarrana tower
Alcazaba
Alcázar
Amba
Arrowslit
Barbican
Bartizan
Bastion
Battery tower
Battlement
Bawn
Bent entrance
Bergfried
Berm
Boom
Bretèche
Bridge castle
Bridge tower
Burh
Butter-churn tower
Caer
Caltrop
Castle
Chamber gate
Chartaque
Chashi
Chemin de ronde
Chemise
Cheval de frise
Citadel
Coercion castle
Concentric castle
Corner tower
Counter-castle
Curtain
Drawbridge
Enceinte
Embrasure
Flanking tower
Fortified buildings (church, house, Dzong)
Fujian tulou
Ganerbenburg
Gate tower
Gabion
Glacis
Guard tower
Gulyay-gorod
Gusuku
Half tower
Hoarding
Inner bailey
Kasbah
Keep
Kremlin (Detinets)
Ksar
Landesburg
L-plan castle
Machicolation
Merlon
Moat
Motte-and-bailey
Murder hole
Neck ditch
Outer bailey
Outwork
Peel tower
Portcullis
Postern
Powder tower
Qalat
Reduit
Ribat
Ricetto
Ringwork
Roundel
Quadrangular castle
Shell keep
Shield wall
Shiro
Toll castle
Tower castle
Tower house
Turret
Viking ring fortress
Wall tower
Bailey (or ward)
Watchtower
Witch tower
Yagura
Yett
Zwinger

Modern

Early modern	Abwurfdach Arsenal Barricade Bastion Blockhouse Breastwork Canal Caponier Casemate Cavalier Counterguard Couvreface Coupure Covertway Crownwork Device Forts Entrenchment Flèche Gorge Gunpowder magazine Hornwork Kotta mara Lunette Magazine Orillon Ostrog Palanka Place-of-arms Polygonal fort Presidio (Spanish America) Punji sticks Ravelin Redan Redoubt Retrenchment Sally port Sandbag Scarp and Counterscarp Sconce Schanze Sea fort Station Star fort Tenaille
19th century	Barbed wire Barbette Border outpost Bunker Coastal artillery Disappearing gun Fire control tower Gun turret Land mine Martello tower Outpost Polygonal fort Sangar Wire obstacles
20th century	Admiralty scaffolding Air raid shelter Anti-tank trench Barbed tape Belgian gate Blast shelter Blast wall Border security Bomb shelter Buoy Bremer wall Concertina wire Defensive fighting position British "hedgehog" road block Czech hedgehog Dragon's teeth Entry control point (ECP) Electric fence Fallout shelter Fire support base Flak tower Hardened aircraft shelter Hesco bastion Kabal Loophole Main line of resistance Missile launch facility Pillbox Revetment Sentry gun Spider hole Submarine pen Underground hangar Weapon storage area Weapons Storage and Security System

By topography

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Lists

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