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Deinopidae Temporal range: Cretaceous–present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N

Deinopis sp. with web
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Chelicerata
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	Araneae
Infraorder:	Araneomorphae
Family:	Deinopidae C. L. Koch, 1850
Genera
Asianopis Lin & Li, 2020 Deinopis MacLeay, 1839 Menneus Simon, 1876
Diversity
3 genera, 67 species

Deinopidae, also known as net casting spiders, is a family of cribellate^[1] spiders first described by Carl Ludwig Koch in 1850.^[2] It consists of stick-like elongated spiders that catch prey by stretching a web across their front legs before propelling themselves forward. These unusual webs will stretch two or three times their relaxed size, entangling any prey that touch them. The posterior median eyes have excellent night vision, allowing them to cast nets accurately in low-light conditions. These eyes are larger than the others, and sometimes makes these spiders appear to only have two eyes. Ogre-faced spiders (Deinopis) are the best known genus in this family. The name refers to the perceived physical similarity to the mythological creature of the same name. This family also includes the humped-back spiders (Menneus).^[3]

They are distributed through tropics worldwide from Australia to Africa and the Americas. In Florida, Deinopis often hangs upside down from a silk line under palmetto fronds during the day. At night, it emerges to practice its unusual prey capture method on invertebrate prey. Its eyes are able to gather available light more efficiently than the eyes of cats and owls, and are able to do this despite the lack of a reflective layer (tapetum lucidum); instead, each night, a large area of light-sensitive membrane is manufactured within the eyes, and since arachnid eyes do not have irises, it is rapidly destroyed again at dawn.^[4]^[5]

Genera

Two genera formerly included in this family, Avella O. P-Cambridge, 1877 and Avellopsis Purcell, 1904, are now placed in Menneus. As of October 2023^[update], the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera:^[3]

Asianopis Lin & Li, 2020 – Africa, Asia, Oceania
Deinopis Macleay, 1839 – Every continent, except Europe and Antarctica
Menneus Simon, 1876 – Africa, Oceania

References

Wikispecies has information related to Deinopidae.

^ Coddington, J.A.; Levi, H.W. (1991). "Systematics and Evolution of Spiders (Araneae)". Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 22: 565–592. doi:10.1146/annurev.es.22.110191.003025.
^ Koch, C. L. (1850). Übersicht des Arachnidensystems. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.39561.
^ ^a ^b "NMBE - World Spider Catalog". wsc.nmbe.ch. Retrieved 2023-10-03.
^ "How spiders see the world". Australian Museum. 2018-11-16. Retrieved 2019-01-21.
^ Blest, A. D. (1978). "The rapid synthesis and destruction of photoreceptor membrane by a dinopid spider: a daily cycle". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 200 (1141): 463–483. Bibcode:1978RSPSB.200..463B. doi:10.1098/rspb.1978.0027. S2CID 85388527.

Extant Araneae families

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida

Suborder Mesothelae
Liphistiidae (segmented spiders) Heptathelidae (segmented spiders)

Suborder Opisthothelae

Mygalomorphae

Araneomorphae

Non-entelegynes

Entelegynae

Spider taxonomy
Bold are families with more than 1000 species

Taxon identifiers
Deinopidae	Wikidata: Q10033 Wikispecies: Deinopidae ADW: Deinopidae AFD: Deinopidae BioLib: 411632 BOLD: 198858 BugGuide: 26285 CoL: 92R EoL: 8803 GBIF: 7365 iNaturalist: 50003 IRMNG: 107981 ITIS: 847716 NCBI: 93707 Open Tree of Life: 1002950 Paleobiology Database: 227448 WSC: urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spiderfam:0028

Categories:

Hidden categories:

Genera

See also

References