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A substantive dye or direct dye is a dye that adheres to its substrate, typically a textile, by non-ionic forces.

Overview

The amount of this attraction is known as "substantivity": the higher the substantivity the greater the attraction of the dye for the fiber.^[1] Substantive dyes work best on textiles with high contents of cellulose, such as cotton.

In contrast to direct dyes, wool and leather goods are dyed by the process of ion exchange, exploiting the cationic nature of proteins near neutral pH. The development of substantive dyes helped make mordant dyes obsolete.^[2]

Substantive dyes are set in a slightly basic or neutral environment at temperatures close to boiling point. They are set by formation of aggregates of dyes within interstices of the fibres. Aggregation is enhanced by extended aromatic rings.^[2]

Gallery

Representative direct dyes
Direct Blue 1
Trypan blue (Direct Blue 14), which also exhibits medicinal properties
Direct Blue 15

References

^ "Definition of SUBSTANTIVITY". merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2021-05-05.
^ ^a ^b Klaus Hunger, Peter Mischke, Wolfgang Rieper, Roderich Raue, Klaus Kunde, Aloys Engel. "Azo Dyes". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH doi:10.1002/14356007.a03_245.

v t e Dyeing
Techniques	Batik Dyeing Ikat Kasuri Kalamkari Katazome Leheria Mordant Reactive dye printing Resist Ring dyeing Rōketsuzome Shibori Tie-dye Tsutsugaki Yūzen
Types of dyes	Dyes Natural Acid Reactive Solvent Substantive Sulfur Vat Disperse Discharge Pigment
Traditional textile dyes	Armenian cochineal Black walnut Bloodroot Brazilin Cochineal Cudbear Cutch Dyewoods Fustic Gamboge Dyer's broom Henna Indigo Kermes Logwood Madder Polish cochineal Saffron Turmeric Tyrian purple Weld Woad
History	Use of saffron Traditional dyes of the Scottish Highlands
Craft dyes	Dylon Inkodye Procion Rit
Reference	Glossary of dyeing terms List of dyes

Category:

Dyes

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Overview

Gallery

See also

References