Elisabeth Ludovika of Bavaria
Portrait by Karl Joseph Stieler, c. 1823
Queen consort of Prussia
Tenure	7 June 1840 – 2 January 1861
Born	(1801-11-13)13 November 1801 Munich, Electorate of Bavaria, Holy Roman Empire
Died	14 December 1873(1873-12-14) (aged 72) Dresden, Kingdom of Saxony, German Empire
Burial	Crypt of the Friedenskirche, Sanssouci Park, Potsdam[1]
Spouse	Frederick William IV of Prussia
House	Wittelsbach
Father	Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria
Mother	Caroline of Baden
Religion	Lutheranism prev. Catholicism[2]

Princess Elisabeth Ludovika of Bavaria (13 November 1801 – 14 December 1873) was queen of Prussia as the wife of King Frederick William IV. By birth, she was a Bavarian princess from the House of Wittelsbach; she was related to the ruling houses of Austria and Saxony through the marriages of her sisters. She supported her husband's interests in art and made charitable donations.

Elisabeth was born in Munich, the daughter of King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria and his Queen Friederike Karoline Wilhelmine Margravine of Baden.^[3] She was the identical twin sister of Queen Amalie of Saxony, consort of King John I of Saxony, and sister of Archduchess Sophie of Austria, mother of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria and Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico; as well as Ludovika, Duchess in Bavaria, mother of Franz Josef's consort, Empress Elisabeth of Austria (Sisi), who was Elisabeth's godchild and namesake. She was known within her family as Elise.

On 29 November 1823, she married the future King Frederick William IV of Prussia^[3] and supported his intellectual interests, namely his attempts at artwork, which he held dear to his heart. She refused to become a Protestant as a condition of her marriage, to ascend the throne of Prussia next to the future king, insisting that she would only convert if she was convinced on the merits of the reformed faith after studying it for herself.^[4] It was on 5 May 1830, seven years after her marriage, that Elisabeth formally converted to Protestantism.^[5] Her union was reportedly happy, but remained childless: after a single miscarriage in 1828, Elisabeth was unable to have any offspring.^[6]

Becoming Queen consort of Prussia in 1840, she was never without influence in Prussian politics, where she was active in preserving the close friendship between Prussia and the Austrian Empire.

To Frederick William IV, she was an exemplary wife and, during his long illness, a dedicated nurse. She was initially hostile to her nephew's British wife, Victoria, Princess Royal, known within the family as Vicky, but their relationship thawed when Vicky took care of Elisabeth and comforted her during the early painful days of her widowhood. Elisabeth never forgot Vicky's kindness and in her will broke with tradition by leaving Vicky her jewels. These jewels were meant to have been bequeathed to the current Queen, (Augusta of Saxe-Weimar, Elisabeth's sister-in-law, who was by then Prussian Queen and German Empress); this was an offense for which Augusta never forgave Vicky.

After her husband's death on 2 January 1861, Elisabeth lived quietly at her seats at Sanssouci, Charlottenburg, and Stolzenfels and dedicated herself to charity work in memory of her late husband. Her brother-in-law, William I, German Emperor, held her in high regard as a true friend.

Elisabeth died in 1873 in Dresden during a visit to her sister, Queen Amalie of Saxony.^[3] She was buried next to her husband on 21 December at the Friedenskirche in Potsdam.^[1]

• The information in this article is based on that in its German equivalent.
• Moritz Freiherr von Bissing: Elisabeth Königin von Preußen, Berlin 1974.
• Ludovika Hesekiel: Elisabeth Luise, Königin von Preußen (Berlin 1881).
• Dorothea Minkels: "Porträts der preußischen Königin Elisabeth in der Sammlung des Stadtmuseums Berlin." in: Jahrbuch 2004/2005 Stadtmuseum Berlin, pg. 278–304.
• Alfred v. Reumont: Elisabeth, Königin von Preußen (Berlin 1874)
• Dorothea Minkels: Elisabeth von Preußen. Königin in der Zeit des AusMÄRZens. Norderstedt 2008.

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