Emerald-bellied puffleg

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Emerald-bellied puffleg - Wikipedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Emerald-bellied puffleg

Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)^[1]
CITES Appendix II (CITES)^[2]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Clade:	Strisores
Order:	Apodiformes
Family:	Trochilidae
Genus:	Eriocnemis
Species:	E. aline
Binomial name
*Eriocnemis aline* (Bourcier, 1843)

The emerald-bellied puffleg (Eriocnemis aline) is a species of hummingbird in the "brilliants", tribe Heliantheini in the subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.^[3]^[4]^[1]

Taxonomy and systematics

The emerald-bellied puffleg has two subspecies, the nominate E. a. aline and E. a. dybowskii.^[3] It is closely related to the colorful puffleg (E. mirabilis) and they have variously been deemed sister species or superspecies. However, one author has suggested that because their plumage is so different from that of other Eriocnemis pufflegs that they should have their own genus.^[5]

Description

The emerald-bellied puffleg is the smallest puffleg. It is 8 to 9 cm (3.1 to 3.5 in) long and weighs 4.0 to 4.5 g (0.14 to 0.16 oz). It has a straight black bill. The male of the nominate subspecies has dark shining green upperparts with a narrow glittering bluish green forehead. It has a large white patch with green spots on its upper breast and the rest of the underparts are glittering bluish green. The tail is short and slightly forked; it is green with a markedly iridescent underside. The female is similar but without the bluish green forehead; its wings and tail are somewhat shorter. Both sex's leg puffs are white and very large. Subspecies E. a. dybowskii is larger than the nominate but the male's forehead patch is smaller and the white breast is less sharply defined.^[6]

Distribution and habitat

The nominate subspecies of emerald-bellied puffleg is the more northerly. It is found in Colombia's Central and Eastern Andes from Boyacá Department south through Ecuador on the eastern slope of the Andes. E. a. dybowskii is found on the eastern slope of the Peruvian Andes as far south as the Department of Pasco. The species inhabits tropical and subtropical montane forest, especially humid types like cloudforest. It occurs in the forest interior and small openings but shuns forest edges and more open landscapes. In elevation it is usually found between 2,300 and 2,800 m (7,500 and 9,200 ft).^[6]

Behavior

Movement

The emerald-bellied puffleg is sedentary.^[6]

Feeding

The emerald-bellied puffleg forages for nectar in dense vegetation; it usually feeds between about 1 and 3 m (3 and 10 ft) of the ground. It also feeds on small insects.^[6]

Breeding

Nothing is known about the emerald-bellied puffleg's breeding phenology.^[6]

Songs and calls

Listen to emerald-bellied puffleg on xeno-canto

Vocalization

The emerald-bellied puffleg makes "a single, slightly buzzy, metallic note, 'tzit'" call at irregular intervals while hovering.^[6]

Status

The IUCN has assessed the emerald-bellied puffleg as being of Least Concern. It has a fairly large range but its population size is not known and is believed to be decreasing.^[1] It "seems to depend on humid forests which have already suffered heavy damage, and are currently under threat of further deforestation."^[6]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c BirdLife International (2016). "Emerald-bellied Puffleg Eriocnemis aline". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22687944A93176231. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22687944A93176231.en. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
^ ^a ^b Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (January 2022). "Hummingbirds". IOC World Bird List. v 12.1. Retrieved January 15, 2022.
^ HBW and BirdLife International (2020) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world Version 5. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v5_Dec20.zip [.xls zipped 1 MB] retrieved 27 May 2021
^ Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 31 January 2022. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved February 1, 2022
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Heynen, I. and P. F. D. Boesman (2020). Emerald-bellied Puffleg (Eriocnemis aline), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.embpuf1.01 retrieved March 15, 2022

Taxon identifiers
Eriocnemis aline	Wikidata: Q1263833 Wikispecies: Eriocnemis aline Avibase: 39F4DE42721BFDAC BirdLife: 22687944 BOLD: 745537 BOW: embpuf1 CoL: 8K3MY eBird: embpuf1 GBIF: 6101165 iNaturalist: 201074 ITIS: 555257 IUCN: 22687944 NCBI: 2744924 Neotropical: embpuf1 Open Tree of Life: 3600580 Xeno-canto: Eriocnemis-aline

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