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An emerging power or rising power is a sovereign state or union of states with significant rising influence in global affairs. Such a power aspires to have a more powerful position or role in international relations, either regionally or globally, and possess sufficient resources and levels of development that such goals are potentially achievable.
Characteristics
There are few available conceptualizations of the term "emerging power". Therefore, there is no standard or agreed method to decide which states are emerging powers.[citation needed] However, a fundamental characteristic of an emerging power is that it is also an emerging economy, being that economic development is necessary and preliminary to political and military emergence.[1] It has been argued that while a country may be an emerging power, it is above anything else an emerging economy with only the potential or hope of increasing their global influence. This is because of several limiting factors, largely the seven dimensions of state power: geography, population, economy, resources, military, diplomacy, and national identity.[2] Traditionally, only great powers or superpowers have succeeded in all seven dimensions of state power.
The BRICS[3] are often cited as being emerging powers, but at varying stages of development and of varying degrees of potential. For example, Russia, which was once a superpower, is now re-emerging in some aspects of state power following the fall of the Soviet Union. China and India are emerging as potential superpowers, while Brazil is emerging as a possible great power.[4][5][6]
List of emerging powers
The term emerging power is often used to delineate the following G20 BRICS countries:
Advanced economies and/or developed countries of the G20 major economies
Emerging markets and/or developing countries of BRICS
Brazil[3][9][10][11]
China[3][9][10][11]
Egypt[12][13][14][15]
India[3][9][10][11]
Indonesia[9][16]
Iran[17]
Ethiopia[18][19][20][21]
Russia[3][9][11][needs update]
South Africa[3][9][10][11][7]
United Arab Emirates[22]
Emerging markets and/or developing countries of G20 non BRICS
Although there is no exact and agreed upon definition of what constitutes an emerging power, the term has sometimes been also applied to the following other countries:
Algeria[24]
Colombia[25][26][27]
Malaysia[28]
Nigeria[16][29][30][31]
Pakistan[32][33][34][35]
Philippines[28]
Poland[36]
Thailand[28]
Vietnam[28]
See also
- Middle power
- Multipolar world
- Global Swing States
- MINT (economics)
- G20
- G4 nations
- Asian Century
- New world order (politics)
- Post-9/11
- Post–Cold War era
- Post-Western era
- American Century
- British Century
- Chinese Century
- Indian Century
References
- ^ Kennedy, Paul (1987). The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers. Random House. ISBN 0679-720197.
- ^ Renard, Thomas; Biscop, Sven (2013). The European Union and Emerging Powers in the 21st Century: How Europe Can Shape a New Global Order.
- ^ a b c d e f Shaw, Timothy M.; Cornelissen, Scarlett; Miranda, Liliana Avendãno; McDonald, Matthew (June 2010). "The Emerging Politics of the Emerging Powers: The BRICs and the Global South" (PDF). The China Monitor. University of Stellenbosch, South Africa: Centre For Chinese Studies. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 December 2013. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
- ^ "Brazil as an Emerging Power: The View from the United States". Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
- ^ "CHAPTER ONE - Brazil, the Emerging Powers, and the Future of the International Order" (PDF). Brookings Institution. 28 June 2016. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
- ^ "Aspirational Power". Brookings. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
- ^ a b c d What does it mean to be an Emerging Power?, moderndiplomacy.eu, 3 May 2015
- ^ The Growth of South Korean Soft Power and Its Geopolitical Implications
- ^ a b c d e f g h Stacy White, CSIS: Emerging Powers, Emerging Donors Archived 8 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Published February 2011
- ^ a b c d e f Parliamentary Information and Research Service: Emerging Powers in the global system Archived 26 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine, parl.gc.ca, 27 March 2006
- ^ a b c d e f FRIDE: The international arena and emerging powers: stabilising or destabilising forces? Archived 15 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Susanne Gratius, April 2008
- ^ Greenwood, John (18 September 2011). "After BRICs, CIVETS? September 19, 2011". Online.wsj.com. Retrieved 28 June 2012.
- ^ "Egypt among top 10 emerging economies". 22 January 2020.
- ^ "Rising powers and the future of peacekeeping and peacebuilding" (PDF).
- ^ "Emerging Markets - BRICS & CIVETS Resources @ Pitt (Brazil, India, Russia, China, South Africa & Colombia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Egypt, Turkey, South Africa and more". Archived from the original on 31 July 2020. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
- ^ a b c "The Mint countries: Next economic giants?". BBC. 6 January 2014. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
- ^ Iran An Emerging Power in Perspective Archived 17 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine, saisjournal.org, GARY SICK
- ^ "Will Ethiopia be the next China?". The Week. 6 June 2018. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
- ^ "5 reasons why Ethiopia could be the next global economy to watch". World Economic Forum. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
- ^ Africa, Somtribune (29 August 2020). "Ethiopia Can Be Africa's Next Superpower". SomTribune. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
- ^ "Ethiopia: East Africa's Emerging Giant". Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
- ^ The Middle East's Emerging Power: The Rise Of The Emirates
- ^ "Mexico has a chance to be the world's 'next great power'". businessinsider.com. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
- ^ Algeria, the Sleeping Giant of North Africa
- ^ PricewaterhouseCoopers. "Shift of global economic power to emerging economies set to continue in long run, with India, Indonesia and Vietnam among star performers". PwC. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
- ^ "Colombia: from failed state to Latin American powerhouse". www.telegraph.co.uk. 28 February 2015. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
- ^ "The new world of business". Fortune. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
- ^ a b c d Philippines included among emerging powerhouse economies
- ^ "Nigeria, an Emerging African Power". BET. 20 July 2011. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
- ^ "MINT Countries: Nigeria Now Listed Among Emerging World Economic Powers!". The Street Journal. 7 January 2014. Archived from the original on 13 May 2019. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
- ^ EST, Sam Hill On 01/15/20 at 7:00 AM (15 January 2020). "Black China: Africa's first superpower is coming sooner than you think". Newsweek. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Pakistan emerging as global power". www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
- ^ "Pakistan and Emerging Markets in the World Economy". IMF. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
- ^ GIGA Research Programme: Power, Norms and Governance in International Relations https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/151160/wp200_shim-flamm.pdf
- ^ "Secondary regional powers in Huntington's view include Great Britain, Ukraine, Japan, South Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Argentina." See Tom Nierop, "The Clash of Civilisations," in The Territorial Factor, edited by Gertjan Dijkink and Hans Knippenberg (Amsterdam: Vossiuspers UvA, 2001), p. 61.
- ^ [1]
External links
- Centre for Rising Powers Archived 4 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine, University of Cambridge
- Rising Powers Initiative, George Washington University
- Rising Powers In International Development Programme Archived 28 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine
- Post Western World, Getúlio Vargas Foundation
- Project on International Order and Strategy, Brookings Institution
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