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Niantic, Inc.

Formerly	Niantic Labs (2010–2015)
Company type	Private
Industry	Video games Technology
Genre	Mobile applications mobile games alternate reality games augmented reality games location-based games
Founded	2010; 14 years ago (2010)
Founder	John Hanke
Headquarters	San Francisco, California , U.S.
Key people	John Hanke (CEO) Dennis Hwang (art director) Tatsuo Nomura (director)
Products	See § Products
Number of employees	~800[1]
Parent	Google (2010–2015)
Subsidiaries	Escher Reality Matrix Mill Seismic Games Sensible Object Lowkey 8th Wall NZXR
Website	nianticlabs.com

Niantic, Inc. (/naɪˈæntɪk/ ny-AN-tik)^[2] is an American software development company based in San Francisco. Niantic is best known for developing the augmented reality mobile games Ingress and Pokémon Go. The company was formed as Niantic Labs in 2010 as an internal startup within Google. The company became an independent entity in October 2015 when Google restructured under Alphabet Inc.^[3] Niantic has additional offices in Bellevue, Los Angeles, Sunnyvale, Seattle, Lawrence, Tokyo, London, Hamburg, and Zürich.^[4]

John Hanke worked at Keyhole in 2001, a software development company specializing in geospatial data visualization applications. Hanke was hired by Google in 2004 as part of Google's acquisition of Keyhole. Hanke lead Google's Geo division, which was Google Maps, Google Earth, and Google Street View.^[5] The move to the Geo division included Keyhole employees such as Brian McClendon and Bill Kilday.^[5][6]

Hanke left the Geo division in October 2010 to form Niantic Labs, an internal startup within Google.^[7][8] The company took its name from the whaling vessel Niantic, which came to San Francisco during the California Gold Rush in the 1800s.^[7] At the time Ingress was launched, Niantic had 35 employees.^[9]

The company spun out of Google in October 2015 soon after Google's announcement of its restructuring as Alphabet Inc.^[8] During the spinout, Niantic announced that Google, Nintendo, and The Pokémon Company would invest up to $30 million in Series-A funding, $20 million upfront and the remaining $10 million in financing conditioned upon the company achieving certain milestones, to support the growth of the company and its products.^[10] In February 2016, Niantic announced that it had secured an additional $5 million^[11] in Series A funding including investment^[12] from venture capital firms Alsop Louie Partners and You & Mr. Jones Brandtech Ventures, as well as angel investors Lucas Nealan, Cyan Banister, and Scott Banister.^[13] While adding more support for the growth of the company, this investment enabled Niantic to bring in strategic industry pioneers including the addition of Gilman Louie to its board.^[14]

In November 2017, Niantic raised $200 million in Series B funding from multiple investors, led by Spark Capital.^[15] Spark's Megan Quinn joined Niantic's board of directors during this investment round.

In January 2019, it was reported that Niantic had raised an additional $245 million in a Series C fundraising round. The round was led by Institutional Venture Partners (IVP), but also included investments from strategic partners such as AXiomatic Gaming and Samsung Ventures.^[16] The investment valued the company at $3.7 billion, excluding the investment itself.^[17]

In November 2017, it was announced that Niantic had acquired Evertoon, an app which allows users to make short, personalized films.^[18][19][20] According to the company's announcement, the acquisition is meant to help build social systems. At the time of the acquisition, Evertoon was only 18 months old and had only 5 employees.^[21]

In February 2018, Niantic announced that it had acquired augmented reality company Escher Reality, a team focused on building persistent, cross-platform, multi-user experiences. Hanke stated that Niantic planned to allow third-party developers to build AR games similar to Pokémon Go.^[22]

In June 2018, Niantic announced the acquisition of computer vision and machine learning company Matrix Mill. The Matrix Mill team has spent years focusing on perfecting augmented reality occlusion by building deep neural networks that can infer 3D information about the surrounding world. The acquisition significantly advances Niantic's efforts to deliver planet-scale AR and provide even more realistic AR experiences.^[23][24]

In July 2018, Niantic announced the acquisition of LA-based gaming studio, Seismic Games.^[25] The gaming studio consists of industry veterans from EA/Pandemic and Activision, and best known for co-developing Marvel Strike Force.^[26]

In November 2018, Niantic invested in DigiLens alongside Mitsubishi Chemical's Diamond Edge Ventures. The investment will help DigiLens develop holographic waveguide displays for augmented reality applications.^[27]

In June 2019, Niantic announced the acquisition of London-based development studio, Sensible Object. Niantic CEO Hanke states on behalf of the company that the acquisition "significantly advances [Niantic's] efforts in developing a wide range of gaming experiences that bring the physical and digital world closer together".^[28] In March 2020, Niantic acquired 3D world-scanning software company 6D.ai.^[29] In January 2021, Niantic acquired community gaming platform Mayhem.^[30]

In 2021, Niantic acquired Scaniverse, a 3D scanning app, and Lowkey, a social gaming platform in which users can record and share gameplay moments.^[31][32] In 2022, Niantic announced the acquisition of 8th Wall, a WebAR development platform, and NZXR, an augmented reality studio.^[33][34] In 2023, Niantic closed its Los Angeles based studio and laid off 230 employees.^[35]

In June 2018, Niantic shared a sneak peek behind the technology they had been developing for years: the Niantic Real World Platform.^[36] The core platform consists of a suite of tools including: AR Cloud, anti-cheat security, POI data, IAP, social, analytics, CRM, sponsorship, and more.^[37] Niantic mentioned that they intend to open up the platform in the future for use by third-party developers.^[38]

In December 2018, Niantic announced their Beyond Reality Developer Contest offering third-party developers an opportunity to develop a new game experience on the Niantic Real World Platform for a chance to compete for a prize pool of more than $1 million.^[39]

In early 2021, Niantic rebranded the Niantic Real World Platform as Lightship.^[40] In November 2021, Niantic launched the Lightship software development kit for augmented reality based on Unity.^[41] The company raised $300 million from Coatue Management for further development of Lightship and Niantic's "real-world metaverse", valuing the company at $9 billion.^[42]

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Niantic's first augmented reality game Ingress was initially made available on Android by invitation only in November 2012. It was then released publicly in October 2013. An iOS version was released in July 2014.

Initially, Niantic had taken an alternative approach to monetization, veering away from more traditional mobile application development standards such as ad placements and in-app purchases. However, following the split with Google in 2015, in-app purchasing was implemented for Ingress. John Hanke has noted that Ingress is a "proof of concept", adding that a next step could involve packaging application programming interfaces (APIs) from the Ingress application in order to entice developers.^[43] Companies that partnered with Niantic were marketed through the narrative of Ingress rather than direct marketing techniques.

In November 2018, Niantic released a revamped version of the game branded as Ingress Prime. Prime is completely rewritten within Unity and the company used critical learnings gained from Pokémon Go and Ingress for its development.^[44] Niantic also retained the older Ingress game as a separate download named Scanner [REDACTED]. The intention of the older Ingress game was to help aid players with the transition to Prime as feature parity was reached between both games in 2019.^[45]

In collaboration with Craftar Studio, Ingress: The Animation, a television series based on the popular augmented reality game was produced. It began airing in Japan on Fuji TV's +Ultra programming block in October 2018. On April 30, 2019, the series premiered globally on Netflix.

In September 2015, it was announced that Niantic had been developing Pokémon Go in partnership with Nintendo and The Pokémon Company for iOS and Android devices.^[46] Tatsuo Nomura, who joined Niantic in 2015 after he developed the Google Maps: Pokémon Challenge,^[47] acted as Director and Product Manager for the game.^[48]

The game was initially released in Australia, New Zealand, and the United States in July 2016 (and released to the rest of the world throughout the remainder of 2016), where it became an overnight global phenomenon,^[49] significantly increasing the use and visibility of augmented reality technology.^[50] In addition to topping app store charts in most regions, Apple Inc. announced that Pokémon Go had become the most downloaded app in a first week ever, which was topped by Super Mario Run later that year.^[51][52] Reports indicated that users were spending more time on Pokémon Go than on Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat, Tinder, and Instagram.^[53][54] In one month, Pokémon Go was downloaded more than 100 million times, with daily revenues exceeding $10 million.^[55] Exactly two months after its launch, at Apple's September keynote, John Hanke announced that Pokémon Go exceeded 500 million downloads worldwide and that players around the world had walked over 4.6 billion kilometers.^[56] By December, it was announced that the kilometer distance achieved in September had nearly doubled to over 8.7 billion kilometers, meaning that players had collectively walked further than the distance to Pluto.^[57] By the end of February 2017, Pokémon Go had surpassed over 650 million downloads.^[58] During Pokémon Go's Adventure Week in-game promo in May 2017, Niantic announced that players had collectively walked over 15.8 billion kilometers, roughly the distance from Earth past the edge of the solar system.^[59] On June 8, 2017, it was revealed that Pokémon Go had been downloaded over 750 million times globally.^[60] In 2019, it was revealed that Pokémon Go had been downloaded over 1 billion times.

Like Ingress, Pokémon Go has a similar approach to monetization. The game has two main revenue streams, in-app purchases and regional partnerships. To date, Pokémon Go has established several partnerships around the globe among which include Verizon^[61] and Starbucks^[62] in the United States, Reliance Jio^[63] in India, SoftBank, 7-Eleven in Japan, and McDonald's in Canada.

On November 13, 2019, Niantic released Niantic Wayfarer, a community mapping program allowing users to shape real-world adventures in Niantic games.^[64] Participants nominate and review Wayspots, contributing to the evolving the Niantic map.^[65] Eligible for Pokémon Go (Level 37+) and Ingress (Level 10+) players.^[66]

On October 26, 2021, Nintendo and Niantic announced launching a brand new smartphone app for the franchise Pikmin called Pikmin Bloom. The project is an AR-based adventure in the real world that has the meaning of making walking fun with the little creatures named Pikmin. This app is the first one to be developed by Niantic's Tokyo division established in 2018.^[67] The app was released worldwide on November 2, 2021, following a series of soft launches the previous week.^[68]

On April 14, 2022, Niantic announced launching a new smartphone AR game Peridot, set to be launched later in 2022.^[69] Peridot open beta was initially released in Norway on July 28, 2022.^[70] The app was released worldwide on May 9, 2023.

On April 17, 2023, Niantic announced it was developing a game based on the Monster Hunter franchise titled Monster Hunter Now.^[71]

Around mid-2022, Niantic began rolling out its "Campfire" app, intended to function as a companion app to its games in lieu of social features within the games themselves.^[72] The app is intended to allow players to find community groups, which had previously been based on third-party platforms such as Reddit and Discord.^[73]

In 2012, Niantic launched its first product, Field Trip, a location-based mobile app that acted as "your guide to the cool, hidden, and unique things in the world around you."^[74][75][76]

In July 2019, Niantic announced they would shut down the app later that year, with the app removed from app stores.^[77]

In November 2017, it was announced that Niantic had been developing Harry Potter: Wizards Unite in partnership with Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment and WB Games San Francisco, under the Portkey Games banner.^[78][79] The mobile AR game, inspired by J.K. Rowling's Wizarding World and Harry Potter, is said to allow players to "explore real-world neighborhoods and cities to discover mysterious artifacts, learn to cast spells, and encounter legendary beasts and iconic characters along the way".^[80] The game was released in New Zealand as an open beta on April 16, 2019.^[81] Beta testing in Australia began on May 1, 2019.^[82] The game was released worldwide on June 22, 2019. The game shut down on January 31, 2022.^[83]

On June 28, 2022, Niantic announced it had a partnership with the National Basketball Association (NBA) and National Basketball Players Association (NBPA) for an AR game titled NBA All-World.^[84] The game was released worldwide on January 24, 2023.^[85] On June 29, 2023, Niantic announced that the game will be sunsetting as part of the company's layoff of 230 employees from their Los Angeles office.^[86][87]

In 2014, Niantic's second announced mobile game, Endgame: Proving Ground, was a part of the transmedia storytelling project that also included an alternate reality game, Endgame: Ancient Truth and novels by James Frey starting with Endgame: The Calling.^{[88][89][90][91]} Nothing has been heard of it since, making the game vaporware.

CATAN GmbH announced at the 2019 Spiel that it was working on an "upcoming massively multiplayer location based game" titled Catan: World Explorers.^[92][93] The game was to be based on the Catan board games; players moved through the real world, using their smartphones to build a Catan universe.^[94]

The game was soft-launched as an open beta for New Zealand, Australia, Denmark, Switzerland, and Singapore.^[95] The game shut down in November 2021.^[96]

In June 2021, it was announced that Niantic had been developing Transformers: Heavy Metal in partnership with Hasbro and Tomy. The game was being co-developed with Seattle-based studio Very Very Spaceship,^[97] but Niantic ultimately cancelled the game and three others in June 2022 amidst layoffs.^[98]

On September 9, 2022, Niantic announced it was teaming up with Marvel Entertainment to create Marvel World of Heroes, based on the Marvel Universe. The game was scheduled to launch in 2023.^[99] On June 29, 2023, Niantic announced that the game was cancelled.^[86]

Niantic has been sued in at least two class-action lawsuits: one starting in 2016 due to complaints from homeowners regarding trespassing and nuisance caused by Pokémon Go players,^[100] and a $1.58 million settlement following gameplay issues during a real-life event in Chicago.^[101]

On June 15, 2019, Niantic sued Global++, an unauthorized third-party software created by an "association of hackers" which allowed players to spoof their GPS location to cheat in Niantic's augmented reality games, including Ingress and Pokémon Go.^[102] Niantic claimed that the hacked versions of the applications were infringing on their intellectual property rights. The developer of Global++ earned money by selling subscriptions and asking for donations via the hacked apps. This resulted in Niantic forcing the developers to terminate their illegitimate distributions of the hacked apps and reverse engineering the games' codes. Eventually Global++ had to shut down their services, PokeGo++ and Ingress++, and their social media services.^[103] Niantic has also claimed that Global++ was also in the process of creating Potter++—shortly before the release of the actual content—which Niantic stated would harm the success of the game.^[103] The lawsuit was settled for $5 million following a decision on January 12, 2021, and Niantic was granted a permanent injunction.^[104]

In August 2021, Niantic faced criticism from the playerbase due to reverting safety measures implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic, in which gym and Pokéstop interaction distances were increased from 40 to 80 meters (130 to 260 ft). New Zealand and the United States were the first to have their pandemic bonuses reverted on August 1. Despite increasing rates of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in the U.S., Niantic kept the bonuses disabled. Players began boycotting Pokémon Go in the first week of August 2021.^{[105][106][107][108]} Niantic responded to the community on August 26 by permanently changing the interaction distance to 80 meters.^[109][110]

In April 2023, Niantic changed Pokémon Go's remote raiding feature, which was introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic. The in-game prices for remote raid passes were increased, and the number of remote raids a player could do was limited to five a day.^[111]

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