Eophrynus prestvicii

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Eophrynus prestvicii Temporal range: 318.1–299 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Late Carboniferous (Gzhelian age) ^[1]

Fossil of Eophrynus prestvicii (BU 699, Lapworth Museum, University of Birmingham, UK), whitened with ammonium chloride to improve contrast. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view.
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Chelicerata
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	†Trigonotarbida
Family:	†Eophrynidae
Genus:	†Eophrynus
Species:	†E. prestvicii
Binomial name
†Eophrynus prestvicii (Buckland, 1837)

Eophrynus prestvicii is an extinct species of arachnid belonging to the order Trigonotarbida.

Historical background

The first trigonotarbid was described in 1837 from the Coal Measures of Coalbrookdale in England by the famous English geologist Dean William Buckland.^[2] He believed it to be a fossil beetle and named it Curculoides prestvicii. A much better preserved example was later discovered from Coseley near Dudley; also in the English West Midlands conurbation. Described in 1871 by Henry Woodward,^[3] he correctly identified it as an arachnid and renamed it Eophrynus prestvicii – whereby the genus name comes from ἠώς (eos, meaning 'dawn'), and Phrynus, a genus of living whip spider (Amblypygi).

Description

Eophrynus prestvicii can reach a length of about 2.5 centimetres (0.98 in). These arachnids were similar to modern spiders, but they could not produce silk. Recent x-ray imaging revealed that Eophrynus prestvicii were covered by protective spikes on the back-half of its body. This creature had long legs enabling it to run and hunt on the forest floor.^[4] Scientists at Imperial College London created a detailed 3D computer model of the arachnid from fossils.^[5]^[6]

Distribution

This species is known from a handful of good quality fossils preserved inside siderite concretions. Fossils of this species have been found in the Carboniferous sediments of United Kingdom.

References

^ "The Paleobiology Database". Archived from the original on 2022-03-25. Retrieved 2021-12-17.
^ William Buckland (1837). Treatise IV. Geology and mineralogy with reference to natural theology. The Bridgewater treatises on the power, wisdom and goodness of God as manifested in the creation. (2nd ed.). London: William Pickering.
^ H. Woodward (1871). "On the discovery of a new and very perfect Arachnide from the ironstone of the Dudley Coal-field". Geological Magazine. 8 (9): 1–4.
^ "X-rays bring extinct spiders back to life". Planet Earth online. 5 August 2009. Archived from the original on 9 November 2009. Retrieved 2014-06-11.
^ Science Daily
^ Russell Garwood, Jason A. Dunlop & Mark D. Sutton (2009). "High-fidelity X-ray micro-tomography reconstruction of siderite-hosted Carboniferous arachnids". Biology Letters. 5 (6): 841–844. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0464. PMC 2828000. PMID 19656861.

Jason A. Dunlop and Russell J. Garwood Tomographic reconstruction of the exceptionally preserved trigonotarbid arachnid Eophrynus prestvicii
An arachnid of the Carboniferous

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