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Ethel Furman - Wikipedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Ethel B. Furman

Born	Ethel Madison Bailey (1893-07-06)July 6, 1893 Richmond, Virginia, United States
Died	February 24, 1976(1976-02-24) (aged 82)
Occupation	Architect
Spouse(s)	William H. Carter (1912-1918) Joseph D. Furman (1918-)

Ethel Bailey Furman (née Ethel Madison Bailey; July 6, 1893—February 24, 1976)^[1] was an American architect who was the earliest known African-American female architect in Virginia.^[2]^[3]

Biography

Ethel Madison Bailey^[1] was born in Richmond, Virginia. She was the daughter of Margaret M. Jones Bailey and Madison J. Bailey.^[2]

She married William H. Carter on October 12, 1912, in New Jersey, and they had two children.^[2] Their daughter, Thelma Carter Henderson was born in 1914 in Buffalo, New York and their son, Madison Carter, was born in 1916 in Lakawana, New York.^[4] Having divorced Carter by 1918, she married Joseph D. Furman, a Pullman porter for the New York Central Railroad.^[2] Together they had a son named J. Livingston Furman.^[5]

After training in New York City, she returned to Richmond in 1921 and began designing houses for locals. Furman worked with her father, and also raised three children. During this time she worked other jobs to supplement income to raise her family. As an African-American woman she experienced discrimination in the architecture community, as local bureaucrats refused to accept her as the architect of record on her own projects.^[6] Consequently, she would often have to submit her job proposals through male contractors with whom she worked.^[6]

Education

As a young child Furman started to gain knowledge on architecture and the building arts by shadowing her father, Madison J. Bailey, who was the second licensed Black building contractor in Richmond.^[3] Over time, this informal education allowed Bailey to take on some of the drafting duties for her father's business. Furman briefly attended Armstrong High School in Richmond, Virginia before her family moved to Philadelphia. She graduated from Germantown High School in North Philadelphia in 1910.^[5] At one point in her training she moved to New York City where she studied architecture privately. In the late 1920s she was the only woman to attend the Hampton Institute's annual builder's conference.^[7] She trained in drafting through Chicago Technical College into the 1940s.

Notable works

Furman designed over 200 churches and residences in Virginia and two churches in Liberia, including the Fourth Baptist Church Educational Wing which still stands in the historic Church Hill district of Richmond, Virginia.^[1]

To recognize her contributions to the field of architecture, a park in Richmond was named after her in 1985.^[1]^[8] In 2010, Furman was honored as one of the Library of Virginia's "Virginia Women in History" for her civic work and accomplishments in the field of architecture.^[9]

Later life

Furman died in 1976. She is buried at Oakwood Cemetery in Richmond, Virginia.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Ethel Bailey Furman". Virginia Women in History. Library of Virginia. 2010. Retrieved 6 February 2012.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Dreck Spurlock Wilson (ed.), African-American Architects: A Biographical Dictionary, 1865-1945, Routledge, 2004, p. 222.
^ ^a ^b Selden Richardson, Maurice Duke (ed.), Built by Blacks: African American Architecture and Neighborhoods in Richmond, Charleston, SC: The History Press, 2008, p. 92.
^ Wilson, Dreck Spurlock (2004-01-01). African American architects: a biographical dictionary, 1865-1945. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0415929598. OCLC 470313343.
^ ^a ^b Wilson, Dreck Spurlock (2004-01-01). African American architects: a biographical dictionary, 1865-1945. New York: Routledge. pp. 162. ISBN 0415929598.
^ ^a ^b Allaback, Sarah (2008). The First American Women Architects. University of Illinois Press.
^ "Virginia Memory: This Day in Virginia History". www.virginiamemory.com.
^ "Ethel Bailey Furman Memorial Park". Foursquare.
^ "Virginia Women in History: Ethel Bailey Furman". Library of Virginia. Retrieved 2 March 2015.

External links

https://pioneeringwomen.bwaf.org/ethel-madison-bailey-carter-furman
Ethel Furman at Find a Grave
Virginia Changemakers. “Ethel Bailey Furman.” https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/items/show/167
William Richards. “Pioneering Architects: Ethel Bailey Furman.” https://www.aia.org/articles/6380755-pioneering-architects-ethel-bailey-furman

Virginia Women in History

2000–2009

2000	Ella Graham Agnew Mary Julia Baldwin Margaret Brent Willa Cather Jennie Dean Sarah Lee Fain Ellen Glasgow Dolley Madison Pocahontas Clementina Rind Lila Meade Valentine Maggie L. Walker
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2002	Rebecca Adamson Janie Porter Barrett Patsy Cline Hannah Lee Corbin Christine Darden Lillian Ward McDaniel Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Jessie M. Rattley
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2010–2019

2010	Mollie Holmes Adams Ethel Furman Edythe C. Harrison Janis Martin Kate Mason Rowland Jean Miller Skipwith Queena Stovall Marian Van Landingham
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2016	Flora D. Crittenden Mary Elizabeth Nottingham Day Sarah A. Gray Edwilda Gustava Allen Isaac Katherine Johnson Ana Ines Barragan King Betty Masters Meyera Oberndorf
2017	Doris Crouse-Mays Corazon Sandoval Foley Nora Houston Cynthia Eppes Hudson Mary Virginia Jones Louise Harrison McCraw Undine Smith Moore Martha Rollins
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2020	Pauline Adams Fannie Bayly King Elizabeth Dabney Langhorne Lewis Sophie G. Meredith Josephine Mathes Norcom Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon Ora Brown Stokes Lila Meade Valentine Maggie Lena Mitchell Walker
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