Ethnic Russians in post-Soviet states

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After the dissolution of the Soviet Union (USSR) in December 1991, about 25 million ethnic Russians in post-Soviet states found themselves living outside of Russia.

All former Soviet citizens had a time window within which they could transfer their former Soviet citizenship to Russian citizenship.^{[citation needed]} Where they did not exercise that choice, their resulting citizenship status outside Russia varied by state: from no perceivable change in status – as in Belarus – to becoming permanently resident "non-citizens" – as in Estonia and Latvia, which restricted citizenship to their pre-World War II citizens and their offspring (regardless of ethnic group) upon restoration of their independence in continuity with their sovereign identities prior to June 1940.

In June 2006 Russian President Vladimir Putin announced a plan to introduce national policy aiming at encouraging ethnic Russian immigration to Russia.^[1]

Country	Number of ethnic Russians	Percent of national population	As of (census data)
Ukraine	8,334,141	17.3	2001^[2]
Kazakhstan	2,983,317	14.9	2024^[3]
Uzbekistan	720,324	2.1	2021^[4]
Belarus	706,992	7.5	2019^[5]
Latvia	437,587	23.4	2024^[6]
Estonia	296,268	21.6	2024^[7]
Kyrgyzstan	274,940	3.8	2024^[8]
Turkmenistan	242,000	5.1	2012^[9]
Lithuania	144,295	5.0	2024^[10]
Moldova	111,726	4.1	2014^[11]
Azerbaijan	71,000	0.7	2019^[12]
Tajikistan	29,000	0.3	2020^[13]
Georgia	26,586	0.7	2014^[a]
Armenia	14,074	0.5	2022^[14]

^{^} Does not include Abkhazia (2011 census: 22,077 Russians or 9.1% of the population) or South Ossetia (2007 estimate: 2,100 Russians or 3.0% of the population).

^{^} In Turkmenistan, there were estimated to be at most 150,000 ethnic Russians as of 2007, or under 2% of the population. In Uzbekistan the same year, the Russian population stood at some 800,000 people or under 4% of the country.^[15]

References

^ Latvia: Ethnic Russians Divided On Moscow's Repatriation Scheme
^ "2001 | English version | Results | General results of the census | National composition of population". 2007-07-06. Archived from the original on 2007-07-06. Retrieved 2024-02-24.
^ https://stat.gov.kz/api/iblock/element/178068/file/en/
^ "Permanent population by national and / or ethnic group, urban / rural place of residence". data.egov.uz (in Russian). Retrieved 2024-02-24.
^ https://www.belstat.gov.by/upload/iblock/b49/b49a6306ec95b5c2d851e897490581a3.pdf ^{[bare URL PDF]}
^ "Population by ethnicity at the beginning of year 1935 - 2024".
^ "RV0222U: POPULATION BY SEX, ETHNIC NATIONALITY AND COUNTY".
^ "Statistical Yearbook of the Kyrgyz Republic - Statistics of the Kyrgyz Republic".
^ "The results of census in Turkmenistan | Chronicles of Turkmenistan". Archived from the original on 2016-10-06.
^ "Rodiklių duomenų bazė - Oficialiosios statistikos portalas".
^ "Rezultatele Recensământului Populației și al Locuințelor 2014 (RPL2014)". Rezultatele Recensământului Populației și al Locuințelor 2014 (RPL2014) (in Romanian). 2013-08-02. Retrieved 2024-02-24.
^ "National (ethnic) composition of population".
^ https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2023-09/WS10RizoevENG.pdf ^{[bare URL PDF]}
^ "The Main Results of RA Census 2022 / Statistical Committee of the Republic of Armenia". www.armstat.am. Retrieved 2024-02-24.
^ Sebastien Peyrouse, " The Russian Minority in Central Asia: Migration, Politics, and Language" Archived 2013-12-06 at the Wayback Machine, p.5. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2008, ISBN 193-35493-27

Russian diaspora

Former Russian Empire
or the USSR

Central and Eastern Europe	Belarus Poland Ukraine
Baltic states	Estonia Latvia Lithuania
Central Asia	Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan
Caucasus	Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia
Other states	Finland Moldova

Americas

Asia

East Asia	China Albazinians Harbin Hong Kong Shanghai Taiwan Japan Korea
Southeast Asia	Philippines
South Asia	Afghanistan India Nepal Pakistan
West Asia	Turkey Iran Israel (Russian Jews) Lebanon United Arab Emirates

Europe

Oceania

¹ Related topics: Ethnic Russians in post-Soviet states and White émigré.

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References