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Guiara - Wikipedia

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Euryzygomatomys

E. spinosus (1826)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Rodentia
Family:	Echimyidae
Subfamily:	Euryzygomatomyinae
Genus:	Euryzygomatomys Goeldi 1901
Type species
Rattus spinosus G. Fischer 1814
Species
Euryzygomatomys guiara Euryzygomatomys spinosus

Euryzygomatomys is a genus of South American rodents, commonly called guiaras, in the family Echimyidae.^[1] It contains two extant and one fossil species, found in Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. They are as follows:

Brandt's guiara (Euryzygomatomys guiara)
Fischer's guiara (Euryzygomatomys spinosus)
†Euryzygomatomys hoffstetteri Goeldi 1901 - Tarija Formation, Bolivia^[2]

Etymology

The genus name Euryzygomatomys derives from the three Ancient Greek words εὐρύς (eurús, or eury), meaning "wide, or which extends in width", ζύγωμα or ζύγωματος (zúgōma, zúgōmatos), meaning "a part of the forehead, or the zygomatic bone", and μῦς (mûs), meaning "mouse, rat".^[3]^[4]

Phylogeny

Euryzygomatomys is the sister genus to Clyomys. Both taxa are closely related to the genus Trinomys. In turn, these three genera — forming the clade of Euryzygomatomyinae — share phylogenetic affinities with a clade containing Carterodon and members of the family Capromyidae.

Analyses of craniodental characters proposed that Euryzygomatomys — and also Clyomys — may be associated with Carterodon.^[5]^[6] However, molecular data suggest the polyphyly of this assemblage of fossorial genera.^[7]

Genus-level cladogram of the Euryzygomatomyinae
with their relationship to Carterodon and Capromyidae.

Octodontoidea

Euryzygomatomyinae

Trinomys (Atlantic spiny rats)

	Clyomys

	Euryzygomatomys (guiaras)

Carterodon (Owl's spiny rat)

Capromyidae

Plagiodontini

Plagiodontia

Capromyini

Geocapromys

Capromys (Desmarest's hutia)

	Mesocapromys

	Mysateles

Fossorial
genera

The cladogram has been reconstructed from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA characters.^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[7] According to this phylogenetic tree, the fossorial genera Euryzygomatomys, Clyomys, and Carterodon constitute a polyphyletic assemblage (red bar).

References

^ Woods, C.A.; Kilpatrick, C.W. (2005). "Genus Euryzygomatomys". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 1582. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
^ Tarija at Fossilworks.org
^ Bailly, Anatole (1981-01-01). Abrégé du dictionnaire grec français. Paris: Hachette. ISBN 978-2010035289. OCLC 461974285.
^ Bailly, Anatole. "Greek-french dictionary online". www.tabularium.be. Retrieved 2017-01-24.
^ Carvalho, Guilherme A. S.; Salles, Leandro O. (2004-12-01). "Relationships among extant and fossil echimyids (Rodentia: Hystricognathi)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 142 (4): 445–477. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00150.x. ISSN 0024-4082.
^ Candela, Adriana M.; Rasia, Luciano L. (2012-02-01). "Tooth morphology of Echimyidae (Rodentia, Caviomorpha): homology assessments, fossils, and evolution". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 164 (2): 451–480. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00762.x. hdl:11336/189033. ISSN 0024-4082.
^ ^a ^b Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Upham, Nathan S.; Emmons, Louise H.; Justy, Fabienne; Leite, Yuri L. R.; Loss, Ana Carolina; Orlando, Ludovic; Tilak, Marie-Ka; Patterson, Bruce D.; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P. (2017-03-01). "Mitogenomic Phylogeny, Diversification, and Biogeography of South American Spiny Rats". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 34 (3): 613–633. doi:10.1093/molbev/msw261. ISSN 0737-4038. PMID 28025278.
^ Galewski, Thomas; Mauffrey, Jean-François; Leite, Yuri L. R.; Patton, James L.; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P. (2005). "Ecomorphological diversification among South American spiny rats (Rodentia; Echimyidae): a phylogenetic and chronological approach". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 34 (3): 601–615. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.11.015. PMID 15683932.
^ Upham, Nathan S.; Patterson, Bruce D. (2012). "Diversification and biogeography of the Neotropical caviomorph lineage Octodontoidea (Rodentia: Hystricognathi)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 63 (2): 417–429. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.01.020. PMID 22327013.
^ Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Galewski, Thomas; Tilak, Marie-ka; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P. (2013-03-01). "Diversification of South American spiny rats (Echimyidae): a multigene phylogenetic approach". Zoologica Scripta. 42 (2): 117–134. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00572.x. ISSN 1463-6409.
^ Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Vilstrup, Julia T.; Raghavan, Maanasa; Der Sarkissian, Clio; Willerslev, Eske; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P.; Orlando, Ludovic (2014-07-01). "Rodents of the Caribbean: origin and diversification of hutias unravelled by next-generation museomics". Biology Letters. 10 (7): 20140266. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2014.0266. ISSN 1744-9561. PMC 4126619. PMID 25115033.
^ Upham, Nathan S.; Patterson, Bruce D. (2015). "Evolution of Caviomorph rodents: a complete phylogeny and timetree for living genera". In Vassallo, Aldo Ivan; Antenucci, Daniel (eds.). Biology of caviomorph rodents: diversity and evolution. Buenos Aires: SAREM Series A, Mammalogical Research — Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos. pp. 63–120.

Extant species of family Echimyidae (Spiny rats), including Myocastoridae (Coypus) and Capromyidae (Hutias)

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Rodentia
Suborder: Hystricomorpha
Infraorder: Hystricognathi
Parvorder: Caviomorpha

Echimyinae

Echimyini

Dactylomys	Bolivian bamboo rat (D. boliviensis) Amazon bamboo rat (D. dactylinus) Montane bamboo rat (D. peruanus)
Diplomys	Colombian soft-furred spiny rat (D. caniceps) Rufous soft-furred spiny rat (D. labilis)
Echimys	White-faced spiny tree-rat (E. chrysurus) Dark spiny tree-rat (E. saturnus) Vieira's spiny tree-rat (E. vieirai)
Isothrix	I. barbarabrownae Yellow-crowned brush-tailed rat (I. bistriata) Rio Negro brush-tailed rat (I. negrensis) Plain brush-tailed rat (I. pagurus) Sinnamary brush-tailed rat (I. sinnamariensis)
Kannabateomys	Atlantic bamboo rat (K. amblyonyx)
Lonchothrix	Tuft-tailed spiny tree-rat (L. emiliae)
Makalata	Red-nosed armored tree-rat (M. didelphoides) Long-tailed armored tree-rat (M. macrura) Dark armored tree-rat (M. obscura) Peruvian armored tree-rat (M. rhipidura)
Mesomys	Ferreira's spiny tree-rat (M. hispidus) Woolly-headed spiny tree-rat (M. leniceps) Tufted-tailed spiny tree-rat (M. occultus) Pará spiny tree-rat (M. stimulax)
Olallamys	White-tailed olalla rat (O. albicauda) Greedy olalla rat (O. edax)
Pattonomys	Bare-tailed armored tree-rat (P. occasius) Speckled spiny tree-rat (P. semivillosus)
Phyllomys	Golden Atlantic tree-rat (P. blainvillii) Orange-brown Atlantic tree-rat (P. brasiliensis) Drab Atlantic tree-rat (P. dasythrix) Kerr's Atlantic tree-rat (P. kerri) Pallid Atlantic tree-rat (P. lamarum) Lund's Atlantic tree-rat (P. lundi) Mantiqueira Atlantic tree-rat (P. mantiqueirensis) Long-furred Atlantic tree-rat (P. medius) Blacked-spined Atlantic tree-rat (P. nigrispinus) Rusty-sided Atlantic tree-rat (P. pattoni) Southern Atlantic tree-rat (P. sulinus) Giant Atlantic tree-rat (P. thomasi) Short-furred Atlantic tree-rat (P. unicolor)
Santamartamys	Red-crested tree-rat (S. rufodorsalis)
Toromys	Giant tree-rat (T. grandis)

Myocastorini

Callistomys

Painted tree-rat (C. pictus)

Hoplomys

Armored rat (H. gymnurus)

Myocastor

Nutria (M. coypus)

Proechimys

group canicollis	Colombian spiny rat (P. canicollis)
group decumanus	Pacific spiny rat (P. decumanus)
group echinothrix	Stiff-spine spiny rat (P. echinothrix)
group gardneri	Gardner's spiny rat (P. gardneri) Kulina spiny rat (P. kulinae) Patton's spiny rat (P. pattoni)
group goeldii	Goeldi's spiny rat (P. goeldii) Napo spiny rat (P. quadruplicatus) Steere's spiny rat (P. steerei)
group guyannensis	Guyenne spiny rat (P. guyannensis) Roberto's spiny rat (P. roberti)
group longicaudatus	Short-tailed spiny rat (P. brevicauda) Cuvier's spiny rat (P. cuvieri) Long-tailed spiny rat (P. longicaudatus)
group semispinosus	O'Connell's spiny rat (P. oconnelli) Tome's spiny rat (P. semispinosus)
group simonsi	Simon's spiny rat (P. simonsi)
group trinitatus	Trinidad spiny rat (P. trinitatus) Boyacá spiny rat (P. chrysaeolus) Guaira spiny rat (P. guairae) Guyanan spiny rat (P. hoplomyoides) Magdalena spiny rat (P. magdalenae) Minca spiny rat (P. mincae) Gray-footed spiny rat (P. poliopus) Sucre spiny rat (P. urichi)

Thrichomys

Euryzygomatomyinae

—

Clyomys	Broad-headed spiny rat (C. laticeps)
Euryzygomatomys	Brandt's guiara (E. guiara) Fischer's guiara (E. spinosus)
Trinomys	White-spined Atlantic spiny rat (T. albispinus) Soft-spined Atlantic spiny rat (T. dimidiatus) Elias's Atlantic spiny rat (T. eliasi) Gracile Atlantic spiny rat (T. gratiosus) Ihering's Atlantic spiny rat (T. iheringi) Dark-caped Atlantic spiny rat (T. mirapitanga) Moojen's Atlantic spiny rat (T. moojeni) Mouse-tailed Atlantic spiny rat (T. myosuros) Spiked Atlantic spiny rat (T. paratus) Hairy Atlantic spiny rat (T. setosus) Yonenaga's Atlantic spiny rat (T. yonenagae)

Incertae sedis

—

Carterodon	Owl's spiny rat (C. sulcidens)

Capromyinae

Capromyini

Capromys	Desmarest's hutia (C. pilorides)
Geocapromys	Jamaican coney (G. brownii) Bahamian hutia (G. ingrahami)
Mesocapromys	Cabrera's hutia (M. angelcabrerai) Eared hutia (M. auritus) Black-tailed hutia (M. melanurus) Dwarf hutia (M. nanus) San Felipe hutia (M. sanfelipensis)
Mysateles	Garrido's hutia (M. garridoi) Isla De La Juventud tree hutia (M. meridionalis) Prehensile-tailed hutia (M. prehensilis)

Plagiodontini

Plagiodontia	Hispaniolan hutia (P. aedium)

Taxon identifiers
Euryzygomatomys	Wikidata: Q992946 Wikispecies: Euryzygomatomys BOLD: 193600 CoL: 62T8S EoL: 42086 GBIF: 2439736 iNaturalist: 44003 IRMNG: 1098358 ITIS: 584644 MSW: 13400466 NCBI: 43324 Paleobiology Database: 97134

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