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Fajja bus attacks - Wikipedia

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Fajja bus attacks
Part of the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine
Memorial to the people killed in the attack
Location	near Fajja, Mandatory Palestine
Date	November 30, 1947 (76 years, 11 months and 28 days ago)
Deaths	7
Perpetrators	Arab militants

v t e 1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine
Fajja Jerusalem riots Haifa Oil Refinery Balad al-Shaykh Semiramis Hotel Hashmed Nahshon Deir Yassin Harel Yiftach Matateh Haifa Yevusi Hametz Latrun Barak Gideon Kfar Etzion Ben-Ami Hadassah medical convoy Israeli Declaration of Independence

On November 30, 1947, an Egged bus on its way to Jerusalem from Netanya was attacked by Arab militants, followed by an attack on another bus, killing seven Jews. It was the first attack in the 1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine following the UN's adoption of the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine, which took place the day before.^[1] There is a dispute as to its motives.

Events

The first bus was the Jerusalem-bound Egged bus #2094 which had left Netanya around 7:30 AM with 21 passengers.^[2] The bus was driving through the now-depopulated village of Fajja when it was intercepted by three Arabs waving, who the bus driver assumed to be hitchhikers. As he slowed down the vehicle he was met with gunfire, derailing the train off the road.^[3]

The attackers stormed the bus and shot multiple people. Five Jews were killed, including a 22-year-old woman on her way to her wedding and a man who was killed trying to protect his wife.^[3]

Twenty-five minutes after, a second bus going to Hadera^[3] received the same treatment. Two passengers were killed.^[4]^[5]

Mordechai Olmert, the father of future Prime Minister Ehud Olmert was one of the people who survived the second attack.^[6]

Aftermath and historical context

The attack occurred one day after the United Nations voted to establish a Partition Plan for Mandatory Palestine that involved splitting the British-administered region into two states: An Arab state and a Jewish one.^[2] An Arab General strike was declared, fueling the crisis.^[7] The ambush was also the first attack during the 1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine.^[8]

The Jewish Telegraph Agency reported the attacks amidst an outbreak of Arab violence against Jews on November 30, such as the killing of Moshe Goldman at an anti-partition demonstration in Haifa, under the headline "Six Jews Killed As Arabs React to Partition; Higher Committee Calls General Strike".^[9] However New Historian Benny Morris challenged this narrative, theorizing that it was a retaliation for the Shubaki family assassination, the killing of five Palestinian Arabs by Lehi near Herzliya, ten days' prior to the incident (who were in turn taking revenge because one of the members of the family had informed to the British about LEHI activities)..^[10]^[11] According to Morris, was the majority view of the Haganah Intelligence Service that the primary motive of the attackers was retaliation for the Shubaki killings; this was supported by an Arab flyer posted shortly after on walls in Jaffa.^[12] Morris, however, noted in a later study that the exact motives were unclear.^[8] American academic Robert I. Rotberg states that even Arabic history texts referred to the Fajja bus attacks as the start of the 1947 War, and that if Morris' theory about the Shubakis is correct, then Arabs have misrepresented their own case.^[5]

According to Israeli investigative journalist Ronen Bergman, the attack was committed by forces loyal to Palestinian rebel Hasan Salama.^[13]

References

^ "This Day in Jewish History / Civil War Breaks Out in Palestine". Haaretz. Retrieved 2022-04-17.
^ ^a ^b "Another tack: Transcending all other considerations". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 27 November 2014. Retrieved 2022-04-17.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Another Tack: Forget the 30th of November". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 29 November 2007. Retrieved 2022-04-17.
^ Times, Sam Pope Brewerspecial To the New York (1947-12-01). "PALESTINE'S ARABS KILL SEVEN JEWS, CALL 3-DAY STRIKE; Buses Fired On From Ambush -- Higher Committee Adopts Plans Against Partition MOSLEM WORLD INDIGNANT Flag Torn Down as Mob Attacks U.S. Legation in Damascus -- Holy War Threatened PALESTINE'S ARABS KILL SEVEN JEWS TROUBLE ERUPTS IN PALESTINE AND SYRIA". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-04-17.
^ ^a ^b Rotberg, Robert I. (2006). Israeli and Palestinian Narratives of Conflict: History's Double Helix. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-21857-5.
^ שגב, תום (2007-12-04). "החלל הראשון". Haaretz (in Hebrew). Retrieved 2022-04-17.
^ "Lashing Back - Israel's 1947-1948 Civil War". World History Group. 2009-02-17. Retrieved 2022-04-17.
^ ^a ^b Morris, Benny (1999). Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881-1999. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-679-74475-7. On the morning of November 30 a band of Arabs ambushed a bus near Kfar Syrkin, killing five Jews and wounding several others. Twenty-five minutes later they let loose at a second bus, killing two more people. It is unclear whether the ambushes were triggered by the passage of the UN resolution or by a desire to avenge an earlier LHI raid, which had left five Arabs dead. Another Jew was murdered on November 30 by Arabs on the border between Jaffa and Tel Aviv. These were the first casualties of the first Arab-Israeli war.
^ "Six Jews Killed As Arabs React to Partition; Higher Committee Calls General Strike". No. 273. Jewish Telegraph Agency. December 1, 1947. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
^ Morris, R.F.T.I.B.; Morris, B.; Clancy-Smith, J.A.; Benny, M.; Gershoni, I.; Owen, R.; Tripp, C.; Sayigh, Y.; Tucker, J.E. (2004). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. Cambridge Middle East Studies. Cambridge University Press. p. 139. ISBN 978-0-521-00967-6. Traditionally, Zionist historiography has cited these attacks as the first acts of Palestinian violence against the partition resolution. But it is probable that the attacks were not directly linked to the resolution – and were a product either of a desire to rob Jews... or of a retaliatory cycle that had begun with a British raid on a LHI training exercise (after an Arab had informed the British about the exercise), that resulted in several Jewish dead... The LHI retaliated by executing five members of the beduin Shubaki clan near Herzliya...; and the Arabs retaliated by attacking the buses on 30 Nov....
^ Radai, Itamar (2015). Palestinians in Jerusalem and Jaffa, 1948: A Tale of Two Cities. Routledge Studies on the Arab-Israeli Conflict. Taylor & Francis. p. 237. ISBN 978-1-317-36805-2. Retrieved 2022-04-17. In November they again strove to cool tempers, following an attack on a Jewish bus on its way to Holon, in retaliation against the killing of five men of the Shubaki family by LEHI gunmen (who were in turn taking revenge because one of the members of the family had informed to the British about LEHI activities, leading to executions).
^ Morris, B. (2009). 1948: A History of the First Arab-Israeli War. Yale University Press. p. 76. ISBN 978-0-300-15112-1. Retrieved 2022-04-17. …the majority view in the HIS—supported by an anonymous Arab flyer posted almost immediately on walls in Jaffa—was that the attackers were driven primarily by a desire to avenge an LHI raid ten days before on a house near Raganana belonging to the Abu Kishk bedouin tribe.
^ Bergman, Ronen (2019-07-09). Rise and Kill First: The Secret History of Israel's Targeted Assassinations. Random House Publishing Group. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-8129-8211-4.

v t e Arab–Israeli armed engagements
1947–1959	1948 Palestine war Arab–Israeli War (1948–1949) Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency (1949–1956) Suez Crisis (1956)
1960–1979	Samu incident (1966) Six-Day War (1967) War of Attrition (1967–1970) Battle of Karameh (1968) Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon (1968–1982) Gift (1968) Yom Kippur War (1973) Sabena Flight 571 (1972) Lod Airport massacre (1972) Munich massacre (1972) Bayonet (1972–1979) Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114 (1973) Ma'alot massacre (1974) Savoy Hotel attack (1975) Entebbe (1976) Coastal Road massacre (1978) Litani (1978)
1980–1999	Misgav Am hostage crisis (1980) Opera (1981) Lebanon War (1982) Bus 300 affair (1984) South Lebanon conflict (1985) Wooden Leg (1985) First Intifada (1987–1993) Mothers' Bus attack (1988) Tunis raid (1988) Iraqi missile attacks against Israel (1991) Bramble Bush (1992) Palestinian suicide attacks (1993–2008; list) Accountability (1993) Grapes of Wrath (1996)
2000–2021	Second Intifada (2000–2005) Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel (2001–) Ain es Saheb airstrike (2003) Bringing Home the Goods (2006) Summer Rains (2006) Autumn Clouds (2006) Lebanon War (2006) Gaza–Israel conflict (2006–) Hot Winter (2007–2008) Gaza War (2008–2009) Palestinian militancy campaign (2010) Southern Israel cross-border attacks (2011) Returning Echo (2012) Pillar of Defense (2012) Gaza War (2014) Wave of violence (2015–2016) Gaza border protests (2018) Gaza–Israel clashes (2018) Gaza–Israel clashes (2019) Black Belt (2019) Israel–Palestine crisis (2021) Breaking Dawn (2022) Shield and Arrow (2023) Israel–Hamas war (2023–2024)

Massacres or pogroms against Jews

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Alexandrian pogrom (38)
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Persecution of Jews during the Black Death (1348–1350)	Erfurt Basel Speyer Strasbourg Zurich

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Corfu pogrom (1891)
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20th century

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Częstochowa pogrom (1902)
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Russian Civil War (1918–1920)	Lida Radomyshl Justingrad Skver Zviahel Pinsk Fastov Proskurov Kiev

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1938	Tiberias massacre Kristallnacht

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1940	Dorohoi pogrom

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1942	Dünamünde Action Dzyatlava massacre Sarny massacre

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1945	Deutsch Schützen Topoľčany pogrom Kraków pogrom Tripolitania pogrom Cairo pogrom

1946–1999

1946	Kielce Kunmadaras Miskolc

1947	Fajja bus attacks Haifa Oil Refinery Aden Aleppo Manama

1948	Tripoli Djerada Ben Yehuda Street bombing Cairo bombings Kfar Etzion massacre

1949	Menarsha synagogue attack

1950s–1960s	Night of the Murdered Poets (1952) Scorpion Pass massacre (1954) Istanbul pogrom (1955) Shafrir synagogue shooting (1956) Tripoli pogrom (1967) Purge of Polish Jews (1968)

1970s	Avivim school bus bombing (1970) Munich massacre (1972) Lod Airport massacre (1972) Ma'alot massacre (1974) Kiryat Shmona massacre (1974) Ben Yehuda Street bombing (1975) Coastal Road massacre (1978) Nahariya massacre (1979)

1980s	Paris synagogue bombing (1980) Antwerp summer camp attack (1980) Antwerp bombing (1981) Vienna synagogue attack (1981) Chez Jo Goldenberg restaurant attack (1982) Ras Burqa massacre (1985) Neve Shalom Synagogue massacre (1986) Purim stabbing (1989)

1990s	Cairo bus attack (1990) Crown Heights riot (1991) AMIA bombing (1994) Dizengoff Street bus bombing (1994) Beit Lid massacre (1995) Purim massacre (1996) Island of Peace massacre (1997) Mahane Yehuda Market bombings (1997)

21st century

2000–2009

2001	Dolphinarium discotheque massacre Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing

2002	Ghriba synagogue bombing Hadera attack Yeshivat Beit Yisrael massacre Passover massacre Matza restaurant suicide bombing Hebrew University bombing Rishon LeZion bombing Matzuva attack Hebron ambush

2003	Istanbul Tel Aviv Central bus station massacre Davidka Square bus bombing Café Hillel bombing Maxim restaurant suicide bombing Shmuel HaNavi bus bombing Haifa bus 37 suicide bombing

2004–2009	Beersheba bus bombings (2004) Ashdod Port bombings (2004) Tel Aviv shawarma bombing (2006) Jerusalem yeshiva attack (2008)

2010–2019

Itamar attack (2011)
Burgas bus bombing (2012)
Toulouse and Montauban shootings (2012)
Jerusalem synagogue massacre (2014)
Overland Park Jewish Community Center shooting (2014)
Jewish Museum of Belgium shooting (2014)
January 2015 Île-de-France attacks (2015)
Hypercacher kosher supermarket siege (2015)
Tel Aviv shooting (2016)
Halamish stabbing (2017)
Pittsburgh synagogue shooting (2018)
Poway synagogue shooting (2019)
Jersey City shooting (2019)
Monsey Hanukkah stabbing (2019)

2020–present

Israel riots (2021)
Beersheba attack (2022)

7 October Hamas-led attack on Israel	Be'eri Ein HaShlosha Holit Kfar Aza Kissufim Nahal Oz Netiv HaAsara Nir Oz Nirim Re'im Yakhini

Antisemitic riots in the North Caucasus (2023)
Dagestan attacks (2024)
Amsterdam attacks (2024)

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