Fistulina hepatica

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Fistulina hepatica - Wikipedia

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Fistulina hepatica

Beefsteak fungus

Carlo Vittadini: Fistulina hepatica (1835)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Basidiomycota
Class:	Agaricomycetes
Order:	Agaricales
Family:	Fistulinaceae
Genus:	Fistulina
Species:	F. hepatica
Binomial name
*Fistulina hepatica* (Schaeff.) With. (1792)
Synonyms
Boletus hepaticus Schaeff. (1774) Fistulina buglossoides Bull. (1790) Boletus hepaticus Vent. (1812) Hypodrys hepaticus (Schaeff.) Pers. (1825)

Fistulina hepatica Mycological characteristics
	Pores on hymenium
	Cap is flat or offset
	Hymenium is decurrent
	Stipe is bare
	Spore print is pink
	Ecology is parasitic
	Edibility is choice

Fistulina hepatica, commonly known as the beefsteak fungus, beefsteak polypore, poor man’s steak, ox tongue, or tongue mushroom, is an unusual bracket fungus classified in the Agaricales, that is commonly seen in Britain and the rest of Europe, but which can also be found in North America, Australia, North Africa, and Southern Africa. As its name suggests, it looks remarkably similar to a slab of raw meat. It has been used as a meat substitute in the past, and can still be found in some French markets. It has a sour, slightly acidic taste. For eating, it must be collected young and it may be tough and need to be cooked for a long time.

Details

The cap is 7–30 cm wide and 2–6 cm thick.^[1] Its shape resembles a large tongue, and it is rough-surfaced with a reddish-brown colour. The spores are pink^[1] and released from minute pores on the creamy-white underside of the fruit body. A younger Fistulina hepatica is a pinkish-red colour, and it darkens with age. It bleeds a dull red juice when cut, which can cause stains,^[1] and the cut flesh further resembles meat.^[2] It is sour in taste,^[1] edible and considered choice by some,^[3] although older specimens should be soaked overnight, as their juice can cause gastric upset.^[4]

The underside of the fruiting body, from which the spores are ejected, is a mass of tubules. The genus name is a diminutive of the Latin word fistula and means "small tube", whilst the species name hepatica means "liver-like", referring to the consistency of the flesh.

The species is fairly common, and can often be found on oaks and sweet chestnut, from August to the end of autumn, on either living or dead wood. It has a tendency to impart a reddish-brown stain to the living wood of oaks, creating a desirable timber type. In Australia, it can be found growing from wounds on Eucalyptus trees. It causes a brown rot on the trees which it infects.^[5]

Relationship to other fungi

Fistulina is classified in the family Fistulinaceae;^[6] molecular studies suggest close relations to the agaric mushroom Schizophyllum in the Schizophyllaceae (in the schizophylloid clade), but in the separate sister fistulinoid clade.^[7] Fistulina is a cyphelloid genus, meaning that it is closely related to gilled fungi, but its fertile surface consists of smooth cup-shaped elements instead of gills. The underside (the hymenium) is a mass of tubules which represent a "reduced" form of the ancestral gills.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Davis, R. Michael; Sommer, Robert; Menge, John A. (2012). Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 335–336. ISBN 978-0-520-95360-4. OCLC 797915861.
^ N. Arlott, R. Fitter and A. Fitter, Collins Complete Guide: British Wildlife ISBN 1-85927-092-1
^ Phillips, Roger (2010). Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books. p. 304. ISBN 978-1-55407-651-2.
^ Miller Jr., Orson K.; Miller, Hope H. (2006). North American Mushrooms: A Field Guide to Edible and Inedible Fungi. Guilford, CN: FalconGuides. p. 426. ISBN 978-0-7627-3109-1.
^ Funga Nordica. Copenhagen: Nordsvamp. 2008. p. 40 & 250..
^ Bon, Marcel (1987). The Mushrooms and Toadstools of Britain and North-Western Europe Publisher=Hodder & Stoughton. Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 978-0-340-39935-4..
^ See the following two journal references for molecular evidence of the family relationship: Moncalvo, Jean-Marc; Vilgalys, Rytas; Redhead, Scott A.; Johnson, James E.; James, Timothy Y.; Catherine Aime, M.; Hofstetter, Valerie; Verduin, Sebastiaan J.W; Larsson, Ellen; Baroni, Timothy J.; Greg Thorn, R.; Jacobsson, Stig; Clémençon, Heinz; Miller, Orson K. (2002). "One hundred and seventeen clades of euagarics" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 23 (3): 357–400. Bibcode:2002MolPE..23..357M. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00027-1. PMID 12099793., Hibbett, David S.; Binder, Manfred (2002). "Evolution of complex fruiting-body morphologies in homobasidiomycetes". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 269 (1504): 1963–1969. doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.2123. PMC 1691125. PMID 12396494.

External links

mushroomexpert.com Description and additional links
Beefsteak fungi and Brown Rot on oak.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fistulina hepatica.

Taxon identifiers
Fistulina hepatica	Wikidata: Q631566 ARKive: fistulina-hepatica AusFungi: 60023728 BioLib: 60741 CoL: 6J6WF EoL: 155217 EPPO: FISTHE FloraBase: 50217 GBIF: 2531012 iNaturalist: 123897 IndexFungorum: 193923 IRMNG: 10389319 MycoBank: 193923 NatureServe: 2.1071638 NBN: NHMSYS0001482224 NCBI: 40457 NZOR: da487734-a584-46f8-8c51-401255e64e6b Open Tree of Life: 1044751 SpeciesFungorum: 193923
Boletus hepaticus	Wikidata: Q54364263 AusFungi: 60023729 CoL: MCM5 GBIF: 7950839 IndexFungorum: 231009 IRMNG: 11076629 MycoBank: 231009 NZOR: aea0a73b-78d9-48a9-bf65-79a45be601b6 SpeciesFungorum: 231009

Categories:

Hidden categories:

Details

Relationship to other fungi

See also

References

External links