Gemelli muscles

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Gemelli muscles

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(Redirected from Gemellus superior muscle)

Gemelli muscles
The gemelli muscles and the internal obturator muscle
Details
Origin	Ischiopubic ramus and obturator membrane
Anatomical terms of muscle [edit on Wikidata]

The gemelli muscles are the inferior gemellus muscle and the superior gemellus muscle, two small accessory fasciculi to the tendon of the internal obturator muscle. The gemelli muscles belong to the lateral rotator group of six muscles of the hip that rotate the femur in the hip joint.

Superior gemellus muscle

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The gemelli muscles are two small muscular fasciculi, accessories to the tendon of the internal obturator muscle which is received into a groove between them. The superior gemellus muscle is the higher placed gemellus muscle that arises from the outer (gluteal) surface of the ischial spine, and blends with the upper part of the tendon of the internal obturator. It is smaller than the inferior gemellus. In some people, the fibres of the gemellus superior extend further than average, and are prolonged onto the medial surface of the greater trochanter of the femur.^[1]

The superior and inferior gemelli are supplied by the inferior gluteal artery. Nerve supply to the superior gemellus is from the supply to the internal obturator – L5, S1, and S2.^[2]

Inferior gemellus muscle

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The inferior gemellus muscle arises from the upper part of the ischial tuberosity, immediately below the groove for the internal obturator tendon. It blends with the lower part of the tendon, and is inserted with it into the medial surface of the greater trochanter. It is rarely absent.

Like the internal obturator muscle, the gemellus superior and gemellus inferior help to steady the femoral head in the acetabulum. Both muscles also help to laterally rotate the extended thigh and abduct the flexed thigh at the hip by assisting the internal obturator.^[1] The gemelli muscles act to compensate the reduced power of the internal obturator as it turns around the lesser sciatic notch.^[1]

Blood supply is from the inferior gluteal artery. Nerve supply is from the supply to the quadratus femoris – L4 to S1.^[2]

Etymology

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Gemellus is the diminutive of "geminus"^{[clarification needed]} meaning twin, doubled or duplicated. The superior and inferior gemellus muscles are paired and perform the same action.

Additional images

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Superior gemellus muscle.
Right hip bone. External surface.
Right femur. Anterior surface.
"Triceps coxae".

References

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^ ^a ^b ^c Palastanga, Nigel; Soames, Roger (November 2011). Physiotherapy Essentials : Anatomy and Human Movement : Structure and Function (6th ed.). London, GBR: Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 235–237. ISBN 9780702035531.
^ ^a ^b Miniato, Mohammed A.; Black, Asa C.; Varacallo, Matthew (2023), "Anatomy, Back, Lumbosacral Trunk", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 30969700, retrieved 2023-12-28

External links

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Anatomy photo:13:st-0402 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
PTCentral
Univ. of Wash. Radiology

Muscles of the hip and human leg

Iliac region

Iliopsoas
- Psoas major/Psoas minor
- Iliacus

Buttocks

Gluteal muscles Maximus Medius Minimus Tensor fasciae latae
Lateral rotator group:	Quadratus femoris Inferior gemellus Superior gemellus Internal obturator External obturator Piriformis

Thigh /
compartments

Posterior

Hamstring

Medial

Pectineus
External obturator
Gracilis
Adductor
- Longus
- Brevis
- Magnus
- Minimus

Fascia

Femoral sheath Femoral canal Femoral ring Adductor canal Adductor hiatus Muscular lacuna
Fascia lata	Iliotibial tract Lateral intermuscular septum of thigh Medial intermuscular septum of thigh Cribriform fascia

Leg/
compartments

Posterior

Superficial	Triceps surae Gastrocnemius Soleus Accessory soleus Achilles tendon Plantaris
Deep	tarsal tunnel Flexor hallucis longus Flexor digitorum longus Tibialis posterior Popliteus

Lateral

Fibularis (peroneus) muscles
- Longus
- Brevis

Fascia

Pes anserinus
Intermuscular septa	Anterior Posterior Transverse

Foot

Dorsal	Extensor hallucis brevis Extensor digitorum brevis
Plantar	1st layer Abductor hallucis Flexor digitorum brevis Abductor digiti minimi 2nd layer Quadratus plantae Lumbrical muscle 3rd layer Flexor hallucis brevis Adductor hallucis Flexor digiti minimi brevis 4th layer Dorsal interossei Plantar interossei
Fascia	Plantar fascia retinacula Peroneal Inferior extensor Superior extensor Flexor

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