Ensiklopedia Dunia

Technopedia Center

Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science
S1 Informatics S1 Information Systems S1 Information Technology S1 Computer Engineering S1 Electrical Engineering S1 Civil Engineering

faculty of Economics and Business
S1 Management S1 Accountancy

Faculty of Letters and Educational Sciences
S1 English literature S1 English language education S1 Mathematics education S1 Sports Education

Gempylidae - Wikipedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Gempylidae

Snake Mackerel, Gempylus serpens
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Scombriformes
Suborder:	Scombroidei
Family:	Gempylidae T. N. Gill, 1862
Genera^[1]
Diplospinus Epinnula Gempylus Lepidocybium Nealotus Neoepinnula Nesiarchus Paradiplospinus Promethichthys Rexea Rexichthys Ruvettus Thyrsites Thyrsitoides Thyrsitops Tongaichthys

The Gempylidae are a family of scombriform ray-finned fishes commonly known as snake mackerels or escolars. The family includes about 25 species.

They are elongated fishes with a similar appearance to barracudas, having a long dorsal fin, usually with one or finlets trailing it. The largest species, including the snoek (Thyrsites atun), grow up to 2 m long, and the oilfish (Ruvettus pretiosus) can reach 3 m, though they rarely surpass 150 cm. Like the barracudas, they are predators, with fang-like teeth.^[2]

Taxonomy

Subfamily Clade 1 Mthethwa, 2023
- Genus Diplospinus
  - Diplospinus multistriatus Maul, 1948 (Striped escolar)
- Genus Gempylus
  - Gempylus serpens G. Cuvier, 1829 (Snake mackerel)
- Genus Nealotus
  - Nealotus tripes J. Y. Johnson, 1865 (Black Snake mackerel)
- Genus Nesiarchus
  - Nesiarchus nasutus J. Y. Johnson, 1862 (Black gemfish)
- Genus Paradiplospinus
  - Paradiplospinus antarcticus Andriashev, 1960 (Antarctic escolar)
  - Paradiplospinus gracilis (A. B. Brauer, 1906) (Slender escolar)
- Genus Promethichthys
  - Promethichthys prometheus (G. Cuvier, 1832) (Roudi escolar)
- Genus Rexea
  - Rexea alisae C. D. Roberts & A. L. Stewart, 1997
  - Rexea antefurcata Parin, 1989 (Long-finned escolar)
  - Rexea bengalensis (Alcock, 1894) (Bengal escolar)
  - Rexea brevilineata Parin, 1989 (Short-lined escolar)
  - Rexea nakamurai Parin, 1989 (Nakamura's escolar)
  - Rexea prometheoides (Bleeker, 1856) (Royal escolar)
  - Rexea solandri (G. Cuvier, 1832) (Silver gemfish)
- Genus Rexichthys
  - Rexichthys johnpaxtoni Parin & Astakhov, 1987 (Paxton’s escolar)
- Genus Thyrsites
  - Thyrsites atun (Euphrasén, 1791) (Snoek)
- Genus Thyrsitoides
  - Thyrsitoides marleyi Fowler, 1929 (Blacksail snake mackerel)
- Genus Thyrsitops
  - Thyrsitops lepidopoides (G. Cuvier, 1832) (White Snake Mackerel)
- Genus Tongaichthys
  - Tongaichthys robustus I. Nakamura & E. Fujii, 1983 (Tonga escolar)
Subfamily Clade 2 Mthethwa, 2023
- Genus Epinnula
  - Epinnula magistralis Poey, 1854
  - Epinnula pacifica Ho, Motomura, Hata & Jiang, 2017
- Genus Lepidocybium
  - Lepidocybium flavobrunneum (A. Smith, 1843) (Escolar)
- Genus Neoepinnula
  - Neoepinnula americana (M. G. Grey, 1953) (American sackfish)
  - Neoepinnula minetomai Nakayama, Y. Kimura & Endo, 2014 (Large-eyed sackfish)
  - Neoepinnula orientalis (Gilchrist & von Bonde, 1924) (Sackfish)
- Genus Ruvettus
  - Ruvettus pretiosus Cocco, 1833 (Oilfish)

The Gempylidae are broadly categorized into two clades; Clade 1, which includes more derived & elongate genera, and Clade 2, which includes more basal & fusiform genera. The Trichiuridae are an outgroup.^[3]

Scombroidei

	Trichiuridae

Gempylidae

Clade 2

Lepidocybium

Ruvettus

Epinnula

	Neoepinnula

Clade 1

Nesiarchus

	Gempylus

	Thyrsitoides

Rexea

Thyrsites

	Paradiplospinus

	Diplospinus

	Nealotus

	Promethichthys

Gempylidae are believed to have first evolved at least 20 million years after the Late Cretaceus Extinction event, potentially due to tectonic plate movements.^[3]

Timeline

^[3]^[4]

References

^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Family Gempylidae". FishBase. April 2013 version.
^ Johnson, G.D.; Gill, A.C. (1998). Paxton, J.R.; Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 190. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.
^ ^a ^b ^c Mthethwa, Siphesihle; Bester-van_der_Merwe, Aletta E.; Roodt-Wilding, Rouvay (June 2023). "Addressing the complex phylogenetic relationship of the Gempylidae fishes using mitogenome data". Ecology and Evolution. 13 (6): e10217. Bibcode:2023EcoEv..1310217M. doi:10.1002/ece3.10217. ISSN 2045-7758. PMC 10283032. PMID 37351481.
^ Rust, Seabourne; Robinson, Jeffrey H. (2023-07-12). "Revisiting Eothyrsites holosquamatus Chapman (Trichiuroidea: Gempylidae), an Eocene gemfish from the Burnside Mudstone, Dunedin, New Zealand". Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 54 (5): 584–601. doi:10.1080/03036758.2023.2228211. ISSN 0303-6758. PMC 11459795.
^ Danilʹchenko, P. G. (1967). Bony fishes of the Maikop deposits of the Caucasus.
^ Bannikov, Alexandre F. (2008). "A new genus and species of putative euzaphlegid fish from the Eocene of Bolca in northern Italy (Periformes, Trichiuroidea)." Studi e Ricerche sui giacimenti Terziari di Bolca, XII Miscellanea Paleontologica 9: 99–107. [1]
^ David, Lore Rose (January 10, 1943). Miocene Fishes of Southern California. Geological Society of America. pp. 104–115.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gempylidae.

Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 364: 560. Archived from the original on July 23, 2011. Retrieved 2011-05-19.
Scientia Marina - Population biology of the roudi escolar Promethichthys prometheus (Gempylidae) off the Canary Islands Archived 2012-04-28 at the Wayback Machine
Deep water fish species - Lanzarote Archived 2020-02-08 at the Wayback Machine

Taxon identifiers
Gempylidae	Wikidata: Q1136229 Wikispecies: Gempylidae ADW: Gempylidae AFD: Gempylidae BOLD: 753 CoL: 6247Y EoL: 5322 GBIF: 4272 iNaturalist: 47268 IRMNG: 114034 ITIS: 172354 NBN: NBNSYS0000160051 NCBI: 27767 NZOR: b7aea40f-7d63-415d-a52b-f3a80df60f70 Open Tree of Life: 574822 Paleobiology Database: 133668 Plazi: AC642D14-3A57-FFD4-34F2-F8E3DC00291F WoRMS: 125536

This Scombriformes-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Categories:

Hidden categories:

Taxonomy

Timeline

See also

References

External links