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  1. World Encyclopedia
  2. Gleicheniaceae - Wikipedia
Gleicheniaceae - Wikipedia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Family of ferns

Forked ferns
Temporal range: Early Permian–Recent
PreꞒ
Ꞓ
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
Diplopterygium pinnatum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Division: Polypodiophyta
Class: Polypodiopsida
Order: Gleicheniales
Family: Gleicheniaceae
C.Presl
Genera[1]
  • Dicranopteris Bernh.
  • Diplopterygium (Diels) Nakai
  • Gleichenella Ching
  • Gleichenia Sm.
  • Rouxopteris Hong M.Liu
  • Sticheropsis L.V.Lima, Salino & T.E.Almeida
  • Sticherus C.Presl
  • Stromatopteris Mett.
Synonyms
  • Dicranopteridaceae Ching 1954 ex Doweld 2001
  • Stromatopteridaceae (Nakai) Bierh.

The forked ferns are the family Gleicheniaceae, which includes eight genera[1] and about 160 known species.[2] The formerly independent families Dicranopteridaceae and Stromatopteridaceae are generally included in the Gleicheniaceae, whereas the Dipteridaceae and Matoniaceae, although closely related, are considered separate families by most authors.[3]

Description

[edit]

These tropical ferns are the most widespread living lineage of Gleicheniales. Their rhizomes have a "vitalized" protostele or in some taxa a solenostele. The leaves are indeterminate, with pseudodichotomously forked leaves except in Stromatopteris, and free veins. Stromatopteris also differs from the other species in having an achlorophyllous and subterranean gametophyte.[4] The sori are abaxial but not marginal and carry 5–15 exindusiate round sporangia each. These have a transverse-oblique annulus and contain 128 to 800 bilateral or globose-tetrahedral spores. The sori and sporangia mature at the same time, and the spores grow into surface-dwelling green prothalli beset with club-shaped hairs.[3]

Systematics

[edit]

There is some dispute about ranking these ferns. They are typically placed in the order Gleicheniales. They may alternatively be considered a subclass Gleicheniatae or class Gleichenopsida, so that a distinct taxon can be established for the leptosporangiate ferns. In this case, the Gleicheniaceae are upranked to an order and receive the name Gleicheniales. Irrespective of their modern taxonomic treatment, the Gleicheniaceae were formerly included in the order Polypodiales. But the ferns in the loose sense are much too diverse a group to be shoehorned into one taxon at such a low rank.[3]

The Triassic Antarctipteris and Gleichenipteris are sometimes ascribed to the Gleicheniaceae, but are probably better considered Gleicheniales incertae sedis.[3] There are seven extant genera recognized as of February 2020[update][5][6]

Phylogeny of Gleicheniaceae by Nitta et al. 2022[7] and Fern Tree of life[8]

Gleicheniaceae

Rouxopteris Liu 2020

Diplopterygium Nakai 1950

Gleichenella Ching 1940

Dicranopteris Bernhardi 1805

Stromatopteris Mettenius 1861

Gleichenia Smith 1973

Sticherus Presl 1836

Footnotes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Gleicheniaceae C.Presl". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 13 September 2025.
  2. ^ Christenhusz, M. J. M.; Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa. 261 (3). Magnolia Press: 201–217. Bibcode:2016Phytx.261..201C. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1.
  3. ^ a b c d Smith et al. (2006)
  4. ^ Identifying cryptic fern gametophytes using DNA barcoding: A review
  5. ^ PPG I (2016). "A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 54 (6): 563–603. Bibcode:2016JSyEv..54..563.. doi:10.1111/jse.12229. S2CID 39980610.
  6. ^ Liu, Hongmei; Rakotondrainibe, France; Hennequin, Sabine; Schneider, Harald (April 2020). "The significance of Rouxopteris (Gleicheniaceae, Polypodiopsida): a new genus endemic to the Madagascan region". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 306 (2): 30. Bibcode:2020PSyEv.306...30L. doi:10.1007/s00606-020-01657-9. ISSN 0378-2697. S2CID 211479513.
  7. ^ Nitta, Joel H.; Schuettpelz, Eric; Ramírez-Barahona, Santiago; Iwasaki, Wataru; et al. (2022). "An Open and Continuously Updated Fern Tree of Life". Frontiers in Plant Science. 13 909768. Bibcode:2022FrPS...1309768N. doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.909768. PMC 9449725. PMID 36092417.
  8. ^ "Tree viewer: interactive visualization of FTOL". FTOL v1.7.0 (GenBank release 261). 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2025.

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gleicheniaceae.
Wikispecies has information related to Gleicheniaceae.
  • A. R. Smith, A. R. Kathleen, M. Pryer, E. Schuettpelz, P. Korall, H. Schneider & P. G. Wolf. 2006. A classification for extant ferns. Taxon 55(3): 705–731. PDF fulltext
  • C. Michael Hogan. 2010. Fern. Encyclopedia of Earth. eds. Saikat Basu and C. Cleveland. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington, D.C.
  • v
  • t
  • e
Classification of Archaeplastida or Plantae s.l.
Domain
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukaryota
(major groups
Metamonada
Discoba
Diaphoretickes
Hacrobia
Cryptista
Rhizaria
Alveolata
Stramenopiles
Plants
Amorphea
Amoebozoa
Opisthokonta
Animalia
Fungi
Mesomycetozoea)
incertae sedis
  • †Algospongia
Glaucoplantae
Glaucophyta
  • Glaucocystophyceae
Rhodoplantae
Picozoa
  • Picomonadea
Rhodelphidia
  • Rhodelphea
Rhodophyta
(red algae)
Cyanidiophytina
  • Cyanidiophyceae
Proteorhodophytina
  • Porphyridiophyceae
  • Stylonematophyceae
  • Compsopogonophyceae
  • Rhodellophyceae
Eurhodophytina
  • Bangiophyceae
  • Florideophyceae
Viridiplantae or Plantae s.s.
(green algae & land plants)
Prasinodermophyta
  • Prasinodermophyceae
  • Palmophyllophyceae
Chlorophyta
Prasinophytina
  • Mamiellophyceae
  • Pyramimonadophyceae
Chlorophytina
  • Nephroselmidophyceae
  • Picocystophyceae
  • Chloropicophyceae
  • Pedinophyceae
  • Chlorodendrophyceae
  • UTC clade
    • Ulvophyceae
    • Trebouxiophyceae
    • Chlorophyceae
Streptophyta
Chlorokybophytina
  • Mesostigmatophyceae
  • Chlorokybophyceae
  • Spirotaeniaceae
Klebsormidiophytina
  • Klebsormidiophyceae
Phragmoplastophyta
Charophytina
  • Charophyceae
Coleochaetophytina
  • Coleochaetophyceae
Anydrophyta
Zygnematophytina
  • Zygnematophyceae
Embryophyta
(land plants)
Bryophytes
Marchantiophyta
(liverworts)
  • Haplomitriopsida
  • Marchantiopsida
  • Jungermanniopsida
Anthocerotophyta
(hornworts)
  • Leiosporocerotopsida
  • Anthocerotopsida
Bryophyta
(mosses)
  • Takakiopsida
  • Sphagnopsida
  • Andreaeobryopsida
  • Andreaeopsida
  • Oedipodiopsida
  • Tetraphidopsida
  • Polytrichopsida
  • Bryopsida
 Polysporangiophytes
†Protracheophytes*
  • †Aglaophyton
  • †Eophytidae
  • †Horneophytopsida
Tracheophytes
(vascular plants)
†Paratracheophytes*
  • †Cooksoniopsida
  • †Renaliales
  • †Rhyniopsida
Eutracheophytes
Lycophytes
  • †Barinophytopsida
  • †Zosterophyllopsida
  • Lycopodiopsida (clubmosses, spikemosses & quillworts)
Euphyllophytes
  • †Eophyllophytopsida
  • †Trimerophytopsida
Moniliformopses
  • †Ibykales
  • †Cladoxylopsida
  • Polypodiopsida (ferns and horsetails)
Lignophytes
†Progymnosperms*
  • †Aneurophytopsida
  • †Archaeopteridopsida
  • †Noeggerathiopsida
  • †Protopityales
Spermatophytes
(seed plants)
†Pteridosperms*
(seed ferns)
and other extinct
seed plant groups
  • †Bennettitales
  • †Calamopityales
  • †Callistophytales
  • †Caytoniales
  • †Cordaitales
  • †Corystospermales
  • †Czekanowskiales
  • †Gigantopteridales
  • †Glossopteridales
  • †Lyginopteridopsida
  • †Medullosales
  • †Peltaspermopsida
  • †Pentoxylopsida
  • †Petriellales
Acrogymnospermae
(living gymnosperms)
  • Cycadopsida (cycads)
  • Ginkgoales (Ginkgo)
  • Pinopsida (conifers)
  • Gnetopsida
Angiospermae
(flowering plants)
  • Basal angiosperms
  • Core angiosperms
    • Magnoliids
    • Monocots
    • Eudicots
  • *paraphyletic groups
  • † = extinct
  • List of plant orders
  • Current definitions of Plantae
  • v
  • t
  • e
Fern classification
  • Kingdom Plant:
  • Rhodophyta
  • Chlorophyta
  • Marchantiophyta
  • Bryophyta
  • Anthocerotophyta
  • Polypodiophyta
  • Acrogymnospermae
  • Angiospermae
Basal clade
  • †Ibykales
    • †Ibykaceae
†Cladoxylopsida
  • †Cladoxylales
    • †Cladoxylaceae
    • †Voelkeliaceae
  • †Hyeniales
    • †Hyeniaceae
  • †Iridopteridales
    • †Iridopteridaceae
  • †Pseudosporochnales
    • †Pseudosporochnaceae
  • †Steloxylales
    • †Steloxylaceae
Polypodiopsida
†Stauropterididae
  • †Stauropteridales
    • †Stauropteridaceae
†Zygopterididae
  • †Rhacophytales
    • †Rhacophytaceae
  • †Zygopteridales
    • †Zygopteridaceae
Equisetidae
  • †Pseudoborniales
    • †Pseudoborniaceae
  • †Sphenophyllales
    • †Aspidostachyaceae
    • †Boegendorfiaceae
    • †Boegendorfiaceae
    • †Eviostachyaceae
    • †Sphenophyllaceae
Equisetales
  • †Asterocalamitaceae
  • †Autophyllitaceae
  • †Honseleriaceae
  • †Archaeocalamitaceae
  • †Paracalamitaceae
  • †Calamitaceae
  • †Apocalamitaceae
  • †Konnostachyaceae
  • †Manchurostachyaceae
  • †Notocalamitaceae
  • †Schizoneuraceae
  • †Sorocaulinaceae
  • †Echinostachyaceae
  • †Gondwanostachyaceae
  • †Tchernoviaceae
  • Equisetaceae
Ophioglossidae
Psilotales
  • Psilotaceae
Ophioglossales
  • Ophioglossaceae
Marattiidae
Marattiales
  • †Knorripteridaceae
  • †Pecopteridaceae
  • †Ptychocarpaceae
  • †Weichseliaceae
  • †Asterothecaceae
  • †Danaeopsidaceae
  • Marattiaceae
Polypodiidae
  • †Anachoropteridales
    • †Anachoropteridaceae
    • †Psalixochlaenaceae
    • †Sermayaceae
  • †Botryopteridiales
    • †Botryopteridiaceae
  • †Senftenbergiales
    • †Senftenbergiaceae
  • †Urnatopteridales
    • †Crossothecaceae
    • †Discopteridaceae
    • †Urnatopteridaceae
Osmundales
  • †Guaireaceae
  • Osmundaceae
Hymenophyllales
  • Hymenophyllaceae
Gleicheniales
  • †Oligocarpiaceae
  • Dipteridaceae
  • Gleicheniaceae
  • Matoniaceae
Schizaeales
  • †Acrostichopteridaceae
  • †Cynepteridaceae
  • †Klukiaceae
  • †Stachypteridaceae
  • †Tempskyaceae
  • Anemiaceae
  • Lygodiaceae
  • Schizaeaceae
Salviniales
  • †Heroleandraceae
  • Marsileaceae
  • †Hydropteridiaceae
  • Salviniaceae
Cyatheales
Thyrsopteridineae
  • Thyrsopteridaceae
  • Loxsomataceae
  • Plagiogyriaceae
  • Culcitaceae
Cyatheineae
  • †Tanydoraceae
  • Metaxyaceae
  • Cibotiaceae
  • Dicksoniaceae
  • Cyatheaceae
Polypodiales
Saccolomatineae
Saccolomataceae
Lindsaeineae
  • Cystodiaceae
  • Lonchitidaceae
  • Lindsaeaceae
Pteridineae
Pteridaceae
Dennstaedtiineae
Dennstaedtiaceae
Aspleniineae
  • Cystopteridaceae
  • Rhachidosoridaceae
  • Diplaziopsidaceae
  • Hemidictyaceae
  • Desmophlebiaceae
  • Aspleniaceae
  • Thelypteridaceae
  • Woodsiaceae
  • Onocleaceae
  • Blechnaceae
  • Athyriaceae
Polypodiineae
  • Hypodematiaceae
  • Didymochlaenaceae
  • Dryopteridaceae
  • Lomariopsidaceae
  • Nephrolepidaceae
  • Tectariaceae
  • Oleandraceae
  • Davalliaceae
  • Polypodiaceae
Taxon identifiers
Gleicheniaceae
  • Wikidata: Q2264971
  • Wikispecies: Gleicheniaceae
  • CoL: B8VGT
  • EoL: 4512
  • EPPO: 1GLEF
  • FloraBase: 22722
  • FNA: 10373
  • FoAO2: Gleicheniaceae
  • FoC: 10373
  • GBIF: 6621
  • GRIN: 1244
  • iNaturalist: 52493
  • IPNI: 30003211-2
  • IRMNG: 114035
  • ITIS: 17959
  • NCBI: 3272
  • NZOR: 262979c2-053d-4ee8-aeb5-7e0fcedee682
  • Open Tree of Life: 667485
  • Paleobiology Database: 54124
  • POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77126777-1
  • Tropicos: 42000397
  • VicFlora: 476c7d3e-17c6-48cc-ad68-9170e89a9b58
  • WFO: wfo-7000000251
Authority control databases Edit this at Wikidata
International
  • GND
National
  • United States
  • Israel
Other
  • Yale LUX
Retrieved from "https://teknopedia.ac.id/w/index.php?title=Gleicheniaceae&oldid=1321590555"
Categories:
  • Gleicheniales
  • Fern families
Hidden categories:
  • Articles with short description
  • Short description is different from Wikidata
  • Articles with 'species' microformats
  • Articles containing potentially dated statements from February 2020
  • All articles containing potentially dated statements
  • Commons category link from Wikidata
  • Taxonbars with 20–24 taxon IDs

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