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Gliese 414 - Wikipedia

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Gliese 414
Observation data Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000
Constellation	Ursa Major^{[note 1]}
GJ 414 A^[1]
Right ascension	11^h 11^m 05.17^s
Declination	+30° 26′ 45.7″
Apparent magnitude (V)	8.864±0.012^[2]
GJ 414 B^[3]
Right ascension	11^h 11^m 02.54^s
Declination	+30° 26′ 41.3″
Apparent magnitude (V)	10^[3]
Characteristics
GJ 414 A
Spectral type	K7V^[1]
B−V color index	1.255^[2]
Variable type	None
GJ 414 B
Spectral type	M2V^[3]
B−V color index	2.41±0.34^[2]
Variable type	None
Astrometry
GJ 414 A
Radial velocity (R_v)	−16.63 ^[1] km/s
Proper motion (μ)	RA: 591.622±0.0812 mas/yr^[4] Dec.: −197.247±0.0911 mas/yr^[4]
Parallax (π)	84.1766 ± 0.0258 mas^[1]
Distance	38.75 ± 0.01 ly (11.880 ± 0.004 pc)
GJ 414 B
Radial velocity (R_v)	−15.34^[3] km/s
Proper motion (μ)	RA: 604.831±0.0806 mas/yr^[4] Dec.: −206.442±0.0751 mas/yr^[4]
Parallax (π)	84.1554 ± 0.0200 mas^[3]
Distance	38.756 ± 0.009 ly (11.883 ± 0.003 pc)
Details^[2]
GJ 414 A
Mass	0.65±0.08 `M`_☉
Radius	0.68±0.14 `R`_☉
Luminosity	0.119±0.013 `L`_☉
Habitable zone inner limit	0.37 AU
Habitable zone outer limit	0.70 AU
Temperature	4120±109 K
Metallicity [Fe/H]	0.24±0.1 dex
Rotational velocity (v sin i)	3^[5] km/s
Age	12.4±5.2 Gyr
GJ 414 B
Mass	0.542±0.022 `M`_☉
Radius	0.548±0.017 `R`_☉
Luminosity	0.05 `L`_☉
Temperature	3663±70 K
Metallicity [Fe/H]	0.08±0.09 dex
Age	11.2±5.9 Gyr
Other designations
Gliese 414, HD 97101, LHS 2367, DO 14370, HIC 54646, HIP 54646, LFT 767, LTT 13009, NLTT 26534, 2MASS J11110509+3026459, TIC 9001920, TYC 2520-2524-1, WDS J11111+3027A, WISEA J111105.67+302643.6, Gaia EDR3 732857558276385664^[1]
Position (relative to Gliese 414 A)^[2]

Component	Gliese 414 B
Angular distance	34.34″
Projected separation	408 AU
Database references
SIMBAD	data

Gliese 414, also known as GJ 414, is a binary system made up of an orange dwarf and a red dwarf, located about 39 light years from Earth, in the constellation Ursa Major.^[6]^{[note 1]} With an apparent magnitude of 8.31, it is not visible to the naked eye.^[4]^[6] The primary component of the system has two known exoplanets.^[7]

Characteristics

The main component of the system, Gliese 414 A, is a relatively active orange dwarf, about 68% the size of the Sun and 65% its mass.^[2] Its age is estimated at 12.4 billion years, about two and a half times the age of the Solar System.^[2] It is orbited by two known exoplanets, called Gliese 414 Ab and Gliese 414 Ac.

The secondary component, Gliese 414 B, is a red dwarf of type M2V, that is 55% the size of the Sun and 54% its mass.^[2] Unlike its companion star, Gliese 414 B is not orbited by any known planets.^[6]

The binary star system is located in the northern hemisphere, approximately 38.8 light years from Earth, in the direction of the constellation Ursa Major.^[4]^{[note 1]} The closest star to the star system is CW Ursae Majoris, at a distance of 5.3 light-years.^[6]

Nearest stars to Gliese 414^[6]
Name	Distance (light-years)
CW Ursae Majoris	5.3
DS Leonis	5.9
2MASS J10475+2124	7.8
Gliese 1138	8.1
Gliese 1134	8.3

Planetary system

The primary star, Gliese 414 A, is orbited by two exoplanets.^[2] They were discovered in 2020 by analyzing radial velocity data from Keck's HIRES instrument and the Automated Planet Finder at Lick Observatory, as well as photometric data from KELT.^[7]^[8]

The innermost planet, Gliese 414 Ab, orbits its star at an average distance of 0.23 astronomical units, making it close to the optimistic habitable zone.^[2] Its orbit is eccentric (e = 0.45), which causes the distance from its star to vary from 0.13 to 0.34 AU, and its equilibrium temperature is calculated at 36 °C.^[2] With a minimum mass of 7.6 M_E, it is likely to have a significant volatile-rich envelope, thus being a poor candidate for habitability.^[2]^[8]

The outermost planet, Gliese 414 Ac, is a super-Neptune that orbits its star at a greater distance of 1.4 astronomical units, which makes it a frigid planet, having an equilibrium temperature of about -150 °C.^[2] It is a good candidate for future direct imaging missions.^[2]^[7]^[8]

The Gliese 414 A planetary system
Companion (in order from star)	Mass	Semimajor axis (AU)	Orbital period (days)	Eccentricity	Inclination	Radius
b	≥7.6+2.44 −2.19 $M$ _🜨	0.232±0.01	50.8+0.01 −0.26	0.45+0.19 −0.22	—	2.63+1.22 −0.85 $R$ _🜨
c	≥53.83+9.18 −8.58 $M$ _🜨	1.4+0.055 −0.06	749.83+4.35 −3.63	0.105+0.110 −0.703	—	8.4+3.6 −2.5 $R$ _🜨

Notes and references

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "HD 97101". SIMBAD. Retrieved January 16, 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ Dedrick, Cayla M.; Fulton, Benjamin J.; Knutson, Heather A.; Howard, Andrew W.; Beatty, Thomas G.; Cargile, Phillip A.; Gaudi, B. Scott; Hirsch, Lea A.; Kuhn, Rudolf B.; Lund, Michael B.; James, David J.; Kosiarek, Molly R.; Pepper, Joshua; Petigura, Erik A.; Rodriguez, Joseph E. (January 2021). "Two Planets Straddling the Habitable Zone of the Nearby K Dwarf Gl 414A". The Astronomical Journal. 161 (2): 86. arXiv:2009.06503. Bibcode:2021AJ....161...86D. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abd0ef. ISSN 1538-3881.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "HD 97101B". SIMBAD. Retrieved January 16, 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Gliese 414 Overview". NASA Exoplanet Archive. Archived from the original on December 9, 2023. Retrieved December 13, 2023.
^ Nordström, B.; Mayor, M.; Andersen, J.; Holmberg, J.; Pont, F.; Jørgensen, B. R.; Olsen, E. H.; Udry, S.; Mowlavi, N. (2004-05-01). "The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the Solar neighbourhood. Ages, metallicities, and kinematic properties of ∼14 000 F and G dwarfs". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 418: 989–1019. arXiv:astro-ph/0405198. Bibcode:2004A&A...418..989N. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20035959. ISSN 0004-6361. Archived from the original on 2022-09-22. Retrieved 2024-06-07.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "★ Gliese 414". Stellar Catalog. Archived from the original on 2023-12-13. Retrieved 2023-12-14.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Open Exoplanet Catalogue - Gliese 414 Ab". www.openexoplanetcatalogue.com. Archived from the original on 2023-12-14. Retrieved 2023-12-14.
^ ^a ^b ^c Anderson, Natali (2020-09-21). "Astronomers Find Two Massive Exoplanets in Nearby Binary System | Astronomy | Sci-News.com". Sci.News: Breaking Science News. Archived from the original on 2024-01-13. Retrieved 2024-01-13.

^ ^a ^b ^c Constellation obtained with a right ascension of 11^h 11^m 5.17^s and a declination of +30° 26′ 45.7″^[1] on this website.

Constellation of Ursa Major

Stars

Bayer	α (Dubhe) β (Merak) γ (Phecda) δ (Megrez) ε (Alioth) ζ (Mizar) η (Alkaid) θ ι (Talitha) κ (Alkaphrah) λ (Tania Borealis) μ (Tania Australis) ν (Alula Borealis) ξ (Alula Australis) ο (Muscida) π¹ π² ρ σ¹ σ² τ υ φ χ (Taiyangshou) ψ ω
Flamsteed	2 (A) 5 (b) 6 15 (f) 16 (c) 17 18 (e) 19 20 21 22 23 (h) 24 (d) 26 27 28 31 32 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 46 47 (Chalawan) 49 51 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 65 66 67 68 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 78 80 (Alcor) 81 82 83 84 86 55 Cam 56 Cam 57 Cam 1 CVn 14 LMi 15 LMi 25 LMi 47 LMi 37 Lyn 39 Lyn 41 Lyn (Intercrus)
Variable	R T U W Z RV ST SU SW SX TU TX TY UX UY VV VX VY XY ZZ AA AB AE AN AR AW BC BE BM BZ CG CH CO CQ CY DH DI DM DV DW EE EG EI EK EN EP ER ET EU EV EZ IY KS
HR	3922 4067 4098 4132 4867 5148
HD	68988 (Násti) 74389 80606 80607 84406 98618 99706 118203 (Liesma) 233731
Other	ADS 7251 Feige 55 G 196-3 Gliese 338 Gliese 412 Gliese 414 GJ 3512 Groombridge 1618 Groombridge 1830 HAT-P-3 (Dombay) HAT-P-13 HAT-P-21 (Mazaalai) HIP 57050 HIP 57274 1SWASP J093010.78+533859.5 KELT-24 Lalande 21185 M82 X-1 M82 X-2 Qatar-8 Sidus Ludoviciana SN H0pe UGC 5497 US 708 Winnecke 4 WISE 1405+5534 XTE J1118+480

Exoplanets	47 Ursae Majoris b (Taphao Thong) c (Taphao Kaew) d ο Ursae Majoris b 41 Lyncis b (Arkas) Gliese 414 Ab c HAT-P-3b (Teberda) HD 80606 b HD 89744 b KELT-24b

Nebulae	Owl Nebula

Galaxies

Messier	81 (Bode's Galaxy) 82 (Cigar Galaxy) 101 (Pinwheel Galaxy) 108 109
NGC	2603 2606 2681 2685 2688 2768 2787 2800 2805 2814 2841 2857 2950 2959 2976 2985 2998 3005 3006 3008 3009 3073 3077 3079 3184 3191 3198 3206 3259 3310 3319 3353 3359 3435 3445 3448 3516 3539 3545B 3550 3552 3553 3554 3358 3561 3583 3610 3613 3619 3631 3642 3656 3665 3669 3675 3690 3718 3726 3729 3738 3741 3786 3794 3877 3893 3898 3921 3928 3938 3941 3945 3949 3953 3972 3982 3985 3994 3995 3998 4013 4026 4036 4041 4051 4088 4096 4100 4102 4144 4157 4194 4500 4605 5001 5164 5201 5204 5256 5278 5279 5308 5322 5422 5473 5474 5477 5486 5502 5585
Other	2MASX J10222849+5006200 3C 219 3C 244.1 3C 268.3 CEERS-2112 Haro 2 Holmberg IX I Zwicky 18 IC 923 IC 2574 IRAS F11119+3257 Markarian 231 Markarian 273 Markarian 421 Mayall's Object SBS 0953+549 SDSS J1148+5251 UGC 4879 UGC 5101 UGC 6945 UGC 8335 UGC 8508 Ursa Major III

Characteristics

Planetary system

See also

Notes and references