Glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase

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glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase

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In enzymology, a glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.15) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

acyl-CoA + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

\rightleftharpoons

CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acyl-CoA and sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, whereas its two products are CoA and 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase. Other names in common use include alpha-glycerophosphate acyltransferase, 3-glycerophosphate acyltransferase, ACP:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase, glycerol phosphate acyltransferase, glycerol phosphate transacylase, glycerophosphate acyltransferase, glycerophosphate transacylase, sn-glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase, and sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase. This enzyme participates in glycerolipid metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism. The later pathways in human is part of the WikiPathways^[1] machine readable pathway collection.

Structural studies

As of late 2007, two structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1IUQ and 1K30. Currently 4 different proteins are assigned to this reaction, GPAT1, GPAT2, GPAT3 and GPAT4. GPAT1 and 2 are considered mitochondrial proteins.^[2]^[3]

References

^ D, Arturo Manzo-Fontes P.; Bot, Wikipathways Maintenance; Summer-Kutmon, Martina; Willighagen, Egon; Slenter, Denise; Cirillo, Elisa; Dupuis, Lauren J.; Weitz, Eric; Lipids, Conroy; Hanspers, Kristina (2019-11-01). "Glycerophospholipid Biosynthetic Pathway". WikiPathways.
^ "Uniprot". UniProt. 2019-11-01.
^ "Uniprot". UniProt. 2019-11-01.

Bertrams M; Heinz E (1981). "Positional Specificity and Fatty Acid Selectivity of Purified sn-Glycerol 3-Phosphate Acyltransferases from Chloroplasts". Plant Physiol. 68 (3): 653–657. doi:10.1104/pp.68.3.653. PMC 425956. PMID 16661974.
Frentzen M, Heinz E, McKeon TA, Stumpf PK (1983). "Specificities and selectivities of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase and monoacylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase from pea and spinach chloroplasts". Eur. J. Biochem. 129 (3): 629–36. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1983.tb07096.x. PMID 6825679.
Green PR, Vanaman TC, Modrich P, Bell RM (1983). "Partial NH2- and COOH-terminal sequence and cyanogen bromide peptide analysis of Escherichia coli sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase". J. Biol. Chem. 258 (18): 10862–6. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)44355-9. PMID 6350296.
Yamashita S, Numa S (1972). "Partial purification and properties of glycerophosphate acyltransferase from rat liver. Formation of 1-acylglycerol 3-phosphate from sn-glycerol 3-phosphate and palmityl coenzyme A". Eur. J. Biochem. 31 (3): 565–73. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1972.tb02566.x. PMID 4650158.

v t e Transferases: acyltransferases (EC 2.3)
2.3.1: other than amino-acyl groups	acetyltransferases: Acetyl-Coenzyme A acetyltransferase N-Acetylglutamate synthase Choline acetyltransferase Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase Acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase Beta-galactoside transacetylase Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase N-acetyltransferase Serotonin N-acetyl transferase HGSNAT ARD1A Histone acetyltransferase P300/CBP NAT2 palmitoyltransferases: Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase CPT1 CPT2 Serine C-palmitoyltransferase SPTLC1 SPTLC2 other: Acyltransferase like 2 Aminolevulinic acid synthase Beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase Glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase Lecithin—cholesterol acyltransferase Glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 2-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase ABHD5
2.3.2: Aminoacyltransferases	Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase Peptidyl transferase Transglutaminase Tissue transglutaminase Keratinocyte transglutaminase Factor XIII
2.3.3: converted into alkyl on transfer	Citrate synthase Decylcitrate synthase Citrate (Re)-synthase Decylhomocitrate synthase 2-methylcitrate synthase 2-ethylmalate synthase 3-ethylmalate synthase ATP citrate lyase Malate synthase HMG-CoA synthase HMGCS2 2-hydroxyglutarate synthase 3-propylmalate synthase 2-isopropylmalate synthase Homocitrate synthase Sulfoacetaldehyde acetyltransferase

v t e Enzymes
Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Diffusion-limited enzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis
Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor Enzyme activator
Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes
Kinetics	Enzyme kinetics Eadie–Hofstee diagram Hanes–Woolf plot Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics
Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list) EC7 Translocases (list)

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