Gyroporus castaneus

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Gyroporus castaneus - Wikipedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Gyroporus castaneus

Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Basidiomycota
Class:	Agaricomycetes
Order:	Boletales
Family:	Gyroporaceae
Genus:	Gyroporus
Species:	G. castaneus
Binomial name
*Gyroporus castaneus* (Bull.) Quél. (1886)
Synonyms
Boletus castaneus Bull. (1787) Suillus castaneus (Bull.) P.Karst. (1882) Leucobolites castaneus (Bull.) Beck (1923)

Gyroporus castaneus Mycological characteristics
	Pores on hymenium
	Cap is convex or flat
	Stipe is bare
	Spore print is yellow
	Ecology is mycorrhizal
	Edibility is choice but not recommended

Gyroporus castaneus, or commonly the chestnut bolete, is a small, white-pored mushroom in the Gyroporaceae of order Boletales. It has a brown cap, and is usually found with oak trees. It differs from the true boletes in that the spores are a pale straw colour.

Taxonomy

The species was described initially by the French mycologist Jean Baptiste François Pierre Bulliard (1742–1792). Formerly a member of the family Paxillaceae, research now places this mushroom in Gyroporaceae. Gyroporus means 'having round pores', and castaneus is a reference to the chestnut colouration.

Description

The cap is from 3 to 10 cm in diameter, and pale to rusty brown in colour, which becomes darker with age. The stem is a similar colour, although it may be lighter at the apex. If the stem is cut vertically, it is usual to find several cavities of differing sizes inside. Both the cap and the stem have a tendency to crack or split in dry periods, or with age. The pores are small and white; they become dirtier with age, and are not attached to the stem. They darken slightly when pressed. The tubes are also whitish, and the spore print is pale yellow to straw. The flesh is firm,^[1] and does not change colour on cutting. The photograph on the right shows the chunkier form; a slender form also occurs.

Distribution and habitat

The mushroom is found occasionally in Britain and throughout continental Europe, as well as eastern North America, but it is rare in western North America.^[2] It grows in small groups, or singly, in an ectomycorrhizal relationship with oaks (Quercus). It prefers acid and sandy soils, and fruits from summer to autumn. In New Zealand, it is found in association with Leptospermum.^[3] In Asia, it has been recorded from Taiwan.^[4]

Gyroporus castaneus has been included in the Moscow Oblast's and the Russian Federation's Red Book and several other countries' Red Lists, including those of Norway and Montenegro.^[5]^[6]^[7]

Edibility

Gyroporus castaneus is edible, and highly regarded by most authors;^[8] it is said to taste pleasantly nutty when young.^{[citation needed]} However, Marcel Bon, in his 1987 book The Mushrooms and Toadstools of Britain and North Western Europe, records it as suspect,^[9] so it may be worth applying caution, by eating a very small amount initially. There is also reportedly a poisonous strain of this mushroom in coastal Portugal.^[10]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gyroporus castaneus.

^ Roger Phillips (2006). Mushrooms. Pan MacMillan. ISBN 0-330-44237-6.
^ David Arora (1986). Mushrooms Demystified. Ten Speed Press. ISBN 0-89815-169-4.
^ McNabb RFR. (1968). "The Boletaceae of New Zealand". New Zealand Journal of Botany. 6 (2): 137–76 (see p. 166). Bibcode:1968NZJB....6..137M. doi:10.1080/0028825X.1968.10429056.
^ Yeh K-W, Chen Z-C. (1980). "The boletes of Taiwan" (PDF). Taiwania. 25 (1): 166–184. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-11-26. Retrieved 2015-11-12.
^ "Каштановий Гриб". Red Book of Moscow Oblast. Archived from the original on May 17, 2008. Retrieved September 5, 2008.
^ "The Provisory Red List of Endangered Macromycetes of Montenegro" (PDF). Montenegrin Mycological Center. Retrieved September 5, 2008.
^ "Red List of Threatened Fungi in Norway". Fungiflora 1998. Retrieved September 5, 2008.
^ Phillips, Roger (2010). Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books. p. 274. ISBN 978-1-55407-651-2.
^ Marcel Bon (1987). The Mushrooms and Toadstools of Britain and North Western Europe. Hodder and Stoughton. ISBN 0-340-39935-X.
^ Thomas Laessoe (1998). Mushrooms (flexi bound). Dorling Kindersley. ISBN 0-7513-1070-0.

Taxon identifiers
Gyroporus castaneus	Wikidata: Q1165913 AusFungi: 60026601 BioLib: 60236 CoL: 3J32H EoL: 195239 GBIF: 2524274 iNaturalist: 125688 IndexFungorum: 356881 IRMNG: 10395206 MycoBank: 356881 NatureServe: 2.1062069 NBN: NHMSYS0001483472 NCBI: 150864 NZOR: 87d0724b-1a17-44d3-8209-5bb332b2e163 NZPCN: 6590 Observation.org: 14746 SpeciesFungorum: 356881
Boletus castaneus	Wikidata: Q28654184 IndexFungorum: 171545 MycoBank: 171545 NZOR: 5b1279df-8c60-4b78-977c-8034e9c70215 Open Tree of Life: 5304054 SpeciesFungorum: 171545

Categories:

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Taxonomy

Description

Distribution and habitat

Edibility

See also

References