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Haram (Yemen) - Wikipedia

Coordinates: 16°10′28″N 44°47′12″E / 16.17444°N 44.78667°E

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Haram
Shown within Yemen
Alternative name	Kharibat Hamdān
Location	Yemen
Region	Wādī Madhab, Al Jawf Governorate
Coordinates	16°10′28″N 44°47′12″E / 16.174444°N 44.786667°E / 16.174444; 44.786667

Haram (Arabic: هرم; Old South Arabian 𐩠𐩧𐩣 hrm-m, with mimation Haramum) (known today as Kharibat Hamdān and Kharibat ʾl ʿAlī) is an ancient city in the north of al-Jawf in modern-day Yemen, at about 1100 metres above sea level. It is bordered by the Yemen Highlands to the north, in the west by the ancient Kaminahu (present day Kamna), in the east by the ancient Qarnāwu (modern Ma'īn), and in the south by the Ghayl, otherwise known as the village of al-Ḥazm.

History

In early times Haram was an independent political entity, which by the early 7th century BC was a vassal of the Kingdom of Saba' to the south and of its ruler Karab El Watar. During the war of Saba' against Awsān and the city states of Nashan and Nashaq, the Haramite king Yadhmurmalik supported Saba' with an army under the leadership of one General Hanba from the clan of Naʿman.^[1] It is from this time that the temple of Banāt 'Ād dates, it is situated in front of the gates of Haram, and contains many dedicatory inscriptions, including some to the Haramite god Mutibbnatyan.^[1] At the time of the founding of the Kingdom of Ma'īn at the latest, the capital of which, Qarnāwu, was only 6 kilometers away, Haram lost its importance. After the end of the Minaean Kingdom, it regained its importance for a while under Sabaean rule. It is not clear just when Haram was abandoned.

A stela of Yatha' Amar Watar dated to about 715BC, tells that he invaded the area and took the town. It reads

Yatha amar Watar son of Yakrubmalik mukarrib of Saba dedicated to Aranyada' the patron when Aranyada came back from the territories of Aranyada' and of Nashshan and avenged Nashshan at the expense of Kaminahu because Nashahn had maintained the alliance of Almaqah and of Aranyada', of Yatha amar and of Malikwaqah, of Saba of nashshan, because of ... of god and parton of pact and alliance.^[2]

Kings of Haram

The order of succession is mostly unknown.^[3]

Yadhmurmalik along with Watar'il
Yadhmurmalik along with Bi'athtar (allied to Karib'il Watar I., c. 685 BC)
Watar'il
Yaschhurmalik Nabat (?)
Watar'il Dharihan, son of Yadhmurmalik
Yuhar'il (?)
Ma'adkarib Raydan, son of Hwtrʿṯt

Culture

Haram was in Wādī Madhāb,^[4] to the north-east of Ma'rib. It was a town in ancient South Arabia. Haram and its neighbours, Nashan, Kaminahu and Inabba' were all civil temple settlements and city states, and inscriptions in all four towns are in the Minaean language.

External links

Archive for the study of ancient south Arabian inscriptions in Kharibat Hamadan

References

^ ^a ^b Walter W. Müller (Hrsg.) / Hermann von Wissmann: Die Geschichte von Sabaʾ II. Das Grossreich der Sabäer bis zu seinem Ende im frühen 4. Jh. v. Chr. (Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-historische Klasse. Sitzungsberichte, Vol. 402) Verlag der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, Vienna 1982. ISBN 3700105169
^ Greg Fisher, Arabs and Empires Before Islam (Oxford University Press, 2015 ) p. 102.
^ For details see: K. A. Kitchen, Documentation for Ancient Arabia I, Liverpool 1994, pp. 113-114, 181-182 ISBN 0-85323-359-4
^ Leonid Kogan and Andrey Korotayev: Sayhadic Languages (Epigraphic South Arabian). Semitic Languages. London: Routledge, 1997. Pg. 221.

Tourist attractions in Yemen

World
Heritage
Sites

Listed	Historic Town of Zabid Old City of Sanaa Old Walled City of Shibam Socotra Archipelago Landmarks of the Ancient Kingdom of Saba
Tentative list	Archaeological Site of Marib Historic City of Saada The Historic City of Thula The Madrasa Amiriya of Rada Jibla and its surroundings Jabal Haraz Jabal Bura Balhaf/Burum coastal area The Hawf Protected Area Sharma/Jethmun coastal area

Archaeological sites	Al Hajjarah Awwam Baraqish Baynun Cisterns of Tawila Haram Kaminahu Ma'rib Marib Dam Maṣna'at Māriya Nahom Nashan Nashaq Sanaa Shabwa Shaharah Shibam Sirwah Timna Zabid Zafar
Museums	House of Folklore Mukalla Museum National Museum of Yemen Yemen Military Museum
Palaces Castles	Aljabowbi Castle Cairo Castle Dar al-Bashair Dar al-Hajar Dar al-Shukr Dar as-Sa'd Fort Al-Ghwayzi Ghumdan Palace Palace of Queen Arwa Qu'aiti Sultan Palace Citadel of Rada'a Seiyun Palace Sheba Palace
Places of worship	Aidrus Mosque Al-Asha'ir Mosque Al-Bakiriyya Mosque Al-Hadi Mosque Al-Mahdi Mosque Al-Muhdhar Mosque Al-Qalis Church Al Shohada Mosque Al Tawheed Mosque Alansar Mosque Albolaily Mosque Alemaan Mosque Ashrafiya Mosque Barran Temple Great Mosque of Sanaa Grand Synagogue of Aden Hanthel Mosque Jennad Mosque Mudhaffar Mosque Qubbat Bayt Az-Zum Mosque Queen Arwa Mosque Saleh Mosque St. Francis of Assisi Church St. Mary Help of Christians Church Talha Mosque Temple of Awwam
Protected area	The Hawf Protected Area Bura Community Protected Area Dhamar Montane Plains Mahjur Traditional Reserve Jabal Bura Valley Forest National Park Ras Isa Marine Park Socotra Island Protected Area Zuqur Islands Marine National Park
Others	Al-Aidarous gate Amiriya Madrasa Yemen Gate Big Ben Aden Sanaa Turkish Memorial Cemetery Shaharah Bridge Sira Fortress

16°10′28″N 44°47′12″E / 16.17444°N 44.78667°E / 16.17444; 44.78667

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