Hedera crebrescens

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Hedera crebrescens - Wikipedia

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Hedera crebrescens

Juvenile foliage leaves of Hedera crebrescens
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Apiales
Family:	Araliaceae
Genus:	Hedera
Species:	H. crebrescens
Binomial name
*Hedera crebrescens* M.Bényei-Himmer & M.Höhn

Hedera crebrescens is a species of ivy in the flowering plant family Araliaceae. It is found in central Europe, where it is now a potentially invasive species. First described in 2017, the species has also subsequently been identified from herbarium specimens collected back to the 19th century.

Description

On the creeping shoots, the juvenile leaves are three-lobed. The upper (central) lobe is dome-shaped and sharply pointed. The leaf bases often overlap, and the leaf blades are broad, nearly as wide as long. The leaves are slightly frost-sensitive, suffering damage after long periods at below −10 °C (14 °F).^[1]

Only the terminal umbel develops fruit, while lateral umbels abort and wither. The berries in this terminal umbel are densely packed, and are green when immature, turning black when ripe.^[1]

Taxonomy

Hedera crebrescens was confirmed a species of independent status in 2017, in Hungary, at the Department of Botany, Buda Campus, MATE (former Szent István University), after 20 years of research through morphological and genetic studies.^[1]^[2]

The species has been identified in herbarium specimens from Hungary and Slovakia tracing back to the late 19th century, where it was previously considered a variety of Hedera hibernica due to morphological similarity.^[1] However, cytological and morphological analyses demonstrated that it is indeed a separate species from H. hibernica, as that is tetraploid, while Hedera crebrescens is diploid. It also differs from the diploid Hedera helix by a series of morpho-phenological traits.^[1]^[3]

Distribution and habitat

First identified in Hungary, H. crebrescens has also been found in Austria, Germany, the Netherlands, Slovakia, and Ukraine.^[1]^[3]

Preferring shaded, semi-humid conditions, it commonly grows along railways and in or around cemeteries, parks, and unmaintained gardens.^[1]

Ecology

Observations since the late 2010s have indicated that H. crebrescens spreads easily and is displacing other native ivy species from their habitats in parts of central Europe.^[1]^[3]

Further studies are required to assess the growth and distribution of the species, and to implement measures to control its spread.^[3] The citizen science Ivy Mapping Project was launched in Hungary in 2022 with a goal of mapping the present distribution of H. crebrescens through the work of volunteers.^[4]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Bényei-Himmer, Márta; Tóth, Endre György; Lengyel, Szabina; Pintér, István; Bisztray, György Dénes; Höhn, Mária (2017). "Hedera crebrescens (Araliaceae) a newly identified diploid taxon and triploid ivies from Hungary". Studia botanica hungarica. 48 (2): 225–252. doi:10.17110/StudBot.2017.48.2.225.
^ "Hedera crebrescens M.Bényei-Himmer & M.Höhn". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2025-01-31.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d György, Endre; Major, Enikő Ibolya (2020-09-22). "Taxonomic Evaluation of Hedera crebrescens: A Potentially Invasive Ivy in Central Europe". Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae. 89 (3). doi:10.5586/asbp.8935. ISSN 2083-9480.
^ "Borostyán Élőhely Kutatás projekt". Entz Ferenc Könyvtár és Levéltár (in Hungarian). 2022-11-21. Retrieved 2025-01-31.

Taxon identifiers
Hedera crebrescens	Wikidata: Q90461276 CoL: 8WW7F Euro+Med PlantBase: 9473ad3a-6b22-4910-9be4-dad09e199b92 GBIF: 10831988 IPNI: 77193062-1 POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77193062-1 WFO: wfo-1000035158

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