Epstein Files Full PDF

CLICK HERE
Technopedia Center
PMB University Brochure
Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science
S1 Informatics S1 Information Systems S1 Information Technology S1 Computer Engineering S1 Electrical Engineering S1 Civil Engineering

faculty of Economics and Business
S1 Management S1 Accountancy

Faculty of Letters and Educational Sciences
S1 English literature S1 English language education S1 Mathematics education S1 Sports Education
teknopedia

  • Registerasi
  • Brosur UTI
  • Kip Scholarship Information
  • Performance
Flag Counter
  1. World Encyclopedia
  2. Help:Referencing for beginners - Wikipedia
Help:Referencing for beginners - Wikipedia
Page semi-protected
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This help page is a how-to guide.
It explains concepts or processes used by the Wikipedia community. It is not one of Wikipedia's policies or guidelines, and may reflect varying levels of consensus.
Shortcuts
  • WP:REFBWP:REFB
  • WP:REFBEGINWP:REFBEGIN
  • WP:REFSTARTWP:REFSTART
This page assumes you are using the source editor. Alternatively, learn referencing in VisualEditor.
The source editor shows underlying wiki markup like [[Earth]]. The VisualEditor works like a word processor.
A cartoon of a political rally, with someone in the crowd holding up a banner reading "[Citation needed]"
"Wikipedian protester" by Randall Munroe, xkcd. Wikipedians famously demand citations for claims!

One of the key policies of Wikipedia is that all article content has to be verifiable. This means that reliable sources must be able to support the material.

All quotations, any material whose verifiability has been challenged or is likely to be challenged, and contentious material about living persons (whether negative, positive, or neutral) must include an inline citation to a source that directly supports the material. This also means that Wikipedia is not the place for original work, archival findings that have not been published, or evidence from any source that has not been published.

If you are adding new content, it is your responsibility to add sourcing information along with it. Material provided without a source is significantly more likely to be removed from an article. Sometimes it will be tagged first with a "citation needed" template to give editors a chance to find and add sources, but some editors will simply remove it because they question its veracity.

This tutorial will show you how to add inline citations to articles, and also briefly explain what Wikipedia considers to be a reliable source.

Inline citations

Shortcut
  • WP:INTREF2WP:INTREF2

Inline citations are usually small, numbered footnotes like this.[1] They are generally added either immediately following the fact that they support, or at the end of the sentence that they support. When clicked, they take the reader to a citation in a reference section near the bottom of the article.

While editing a page that uses the most common footnote style, you will see inline citations displayed between <ref>...</ref> tags.

If you are creating a new page, or adding references to a page that didn't previously have any, remember to add a references section like the one below near the end of the article:

==References==
{{reflist}}

Information Note that this is by far the most popular way to use inline citations, but sometimes you will find other styles being used in an article. This is acceptable, and you shouldn't change it or mix styles. To add a new reference, just copy and modify an existing one.

References
  1. ^ Wales, Jimmy (2026). What is an inline citation?. Wikipublisher. p. 6.

RefToolbar

Shortcut
  • WP:INTREF3WP:INTREF3
This screencast walks through how to use RefTools

Manually adding references can be a slow and tricky process. Fortunately, there is a tool called "RefToolbar" built into the Wikipedia edit window, which makes it much easier.

To use it, click on Cite at the top of the edit window, having already positioned your cursor after the sentence or fact you wish to reference. Then select one of the 'Templates' from the dropdown menu that best suits the type of source. These are:

  • {{cite web}} for references to general websites
  • {{cite news}} for newspapers and news websites
  • {{cite book}} for references to books
  • {{cite journal}} for magazines, academic journals, and papers

A template window then pops up, where you fill in as much information as possible about the source, and give a unique name for it in the "Ref name" field. Click the "Insert" button, which will add the required wikitext in the edit window. If you wish, you can also "Preview" how your reference will look first.

Some fields (such as a web address, also known as a URL) will have a icon next to them. After filling in this field, you can click it to handily autofill the remaining fields. It doesn't always work properly, though, so be sure to double check it.

Often, you will want to use the same source more than once in an article to support multiple facts. In this case, you can click Named references   in the toolbar, and select a previously added source to re-use.

Reliable sources

Shortcut
  • WP:INTREF4WP:INTREF4
icon

Wikipedia articles require reliable, published sources that directly support the information presented in the article. Now you know how to add sources to an article, but which sources should you use?

The word "source" in Wikipedia has three meanings: the work itself (for example, a document, article, paper, or book), the creator of the work (for example, the writer), and the publisher of the work (for example, Cambridge University Press). All three can affect reliability.

Abstract graphic depicting referencing

Reliable sources are those with a reputation for fact-checking and accuracy. They tend to have an editorial process with multiple people scrutinizing work before it is published. Academic and peer-reviewed publications are usually the most reliable sources. Other reliable sources include university textbooks, books published by respected publishing houses, magazines, journals, and news coverage (not opinions) from mainstream newspapers.

Self-published media, where the author and publisher are the same, are usually not acceptable as sources. These can include newsletters, personal websites, press releases, patents, open wikis, personal or group blogs, and tweets. However, if an author is an established expert with a previous record of third-party publications on a topic, their self-published work may be considered reliable for that particular topic.

Whether a source is usable also depends on context. Sources that are reliable for some material are not reliable for other material. For instance, otherwise unreliable self-published sources are usually acceptable to support uncontroversial information about the source's author. You should always try to use the best possible source, particularly when writing about living people.

These are general guidelines, but the topic of reliable sources is a complicated one, and is impossible to fully cover here. You can find more information at Wikipedia:Verifiability and at Wikipedia:Reliable sources. There is also a list of commonly used sources with information on their reliability.

Try it! Take a quiz on reliable sources

See also

  • Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User guide § Adding a new reference
  • Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User guide § Editing references
  • Help:Referencing for beginners without using templates
  • Help:Referencing for beginners with citation templates
  • Help:Citations quick reference
  • Help:References and page numbers
  • Wikipedia:References dos and don'ts
  • Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources
  • Wikipedia:Citation templates
  • User:Nick Moyes/Easier Referencing for Beginners
  • v
  • t
  • e
Wikipedia referencing
Policies and guidelines
  • Verifiability
  • No original research
  • Biographies of living persons
  • Reliable sources
    • Medicine
  • Citing sources
  • Scientific citations
General advice
  • Citation needed
  • Combining sources
  • Offline sources
  • Referencing styles
Citing sources
  • Citation Style 1
  • Citation Style 2
  • Bluebook
  • Comics
  • Citation templates
Inline citations
  • Footnotes
  • Punctuation and footnotes
  • Shortened footnotes
  • Nesting footnotes
Help for beginners
  • Reference-tags
  • Citations quick reference
  • Introduction to referencing
  • Referencing with citation templates
  • Referencing without using templates
  • Referencing dos and don'ts
  • Citing Wikipedia
Advanced help
  • Cite link labels
  • Cite errors
  • Citation merging (bundling)
  • Cite messages
  • Converting between references formats
  • Reference display customization
  • References and page numbers
  • Guidance on source reviewing at FAC
  • Cite extension documentation
Footnote templates
  • Citation Style documentation
  • Multiple references
  • {{Reflist}}
  • {{Refbegin}}
Find references
  • How to find sources
  • Bibliographies
  • Wikipedia Library
  • Resource Exchange
  • Reference Desk
  • Book Sources
  • Free newspaper sources
Citation tools
(External links)
  • Citer
  • Citation bot
  • MakeRef
  • Refill
  • WayBack
  • OABot
  • v
  • t
  • e
Citation Style 1
General
templates
{{Cite book}}
books
{{Cite conference}}
conference papers
{{Cite document}}
short, stand-alone, offline documents
{{Cite encyclopedia}}
edited collections
{{Cite interview}}
interviews
{{Cite journal}}
academic journals
{{Cite magazine}}
magazines
{{Cite mailing list}}
public mailing lists
{{Cite map}}
maps
{{Cite news}}
news articles
{{Cite newsgroup}}
online newsgroups
{{Cite press release}}
press releases
{{Cite report}}
unpublished reports
{{Cite sign}}
signs, plaques
{{Cite speech}}
speeches
{{Cite tech report}}
technical reports
{{Cite thesis}}
theses
{{Cite web}}
web sources
Preprint templates
  • {{Cite arXiv}}
  • {{Cite bioRxiv}}
  • {{Cite CiteSeerX}}
  • {{Cite medRxiv}}
  • {{Cite SSRN}}
Audiovisual-related
  • {{Cite AV media}}
  • {{Cite AV media notes}}
  • {{Cite episode}}
  • {{Cite podcast}}
  • {{Cite serial}}
Categories
  • Citation Style 1 templates
  • Citation Style 1 specific-source templates
Documentation
  • {{Citation Style documentation}}
Citation Style 1 noticeboard
Introduction
  • Starting introduction
  • Policies and Guidelines
Source editor
  • Editing
  • Referencing
  • Images
  • Tables
VisualEditor
  • Editing
  • Referencing
  • Images
  • Tables
  • Talk pages
  • Navigating
  • Manual of Style
  • Conclusion
Retrieved from "https://teknopedia.ac.id/w/index.php?title=Help:Referencing_for_beginners&oldid=1338864386"
Categories:
  • Wikipedia how-to
  • Wikipedia quick introductions
  • Wikipedia sources
Hidden category:
  • Wikipedia semi-protected project pages

  • indonesia
  • Polski
  • العربية
  • Deutsch
  • English
  • Español
  • Français
  • Italiano
  • مصرى
  • Nederlands
  • 日本語
  • Português
  • Sinugboanong Binisaya
  • Svenska
  • Українська
  • Tiếng Việt
  • Winaray
  • 中文
  • Русский
Sunting pranala
url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url
Pusat Layanan

UNIVERSITAS TEKNOKRAT INDONESIA | ASEAN's Best Private University
Jl. ZA. Pagar Alam No.9 -11, Labuhan Ratu, Kec. Kedaton, Kota Bandar Lampung, Lampung 35132
Phone: (0721) 702022
Email: pmb@teknokrat.ac.id