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Hexaquark - Wikipedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In particle physics, hexaquarks, alternatively known as sexaquarks,^[1] are a large family of hypothetical particles, each particle consisting of six quarks or antiquarks of any flavours. Six constituent quarks in any of several combinations could yield a colour charge of zero; for example a hexaquark might contain either six quarks, resembling two baryons bound together (a dibaryon), or three quarks and three antiquarks.^[2] Once formed, dibaryons are predicted to be fairly stable by the standards of particle physics.

A number of experiments have been suggested to detect dibaryon decays and interactions. In the 1990s, several candidate dibaryon decays were observed but they were not confirmed.^[3]^[4]^[5]

There is a theory that strange particles such as hyperons^[6] and dibaryons^[7]^[8] could form in the interior of a neutron star, changing its mass–radius ratio in ways that might be detectable. Accordingly, measurements of neutron stars could set constraints on possible dibaryon properties.^[9] A large fraction of the neutrons in a neutron star could turn into hyperons and merge into dibaryons during the early part of its collapse into a black hole ^{[citation needed]}. These dibaryons would very quickly dissolve into quark–gluon plasma during the collapse, or go into some currently unknown state of matter.

D-star hexaquark

In 2014, a potential dibaryon was detected at the Jülich Research Center at about 2380 MeV. The center claimed that the measurements confirm results from 2011, via a more replicable method.^[10]^[11] The particle existed for 10⁻²³ seconds and was named d*(2380).^[12] This particle is hypothesized to consist of three up and three down quarks, and has been proposed as a candidate for dark matter.^[13]^[14]^[15]

The study found that production of stable d*(2380) hexaquarks could account for 85% of the Universe's dark matter.^[16]^[17]

H dibaryon

In 1977, Robert Jaffe proposed that a possibly stable H dibaryon with the quark composition udsuds could notionally result from the combination of two uds hyperons.^[18]^[1]^[19]^[20]^[21]^[22]^[23]^[24]

Others

In 2022 Riken researchers studied the existence of triply charmed dibaryon $\Omega _{ccc}\Omega _{ccc}$ concluding computationally that it should fall within a feasible regime.^[25]^[26]

References

^ ^a ^b "Oddball sexaquark particles could be immortal, if they exist at all". Live Science. 4 February 2020.
^ Vijande, J.; Valcarce, A.; Richard, J.-M. (2011). "Stability of hexaquarks in the string limit of confinement". Physical Review D. 85 (1): 014019. arXiv:1111.5921. Bibcode:2012PhRvD..85a4019V. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.85.014019. S2CID 53511291.
^ Belz, J.; et al. (BNL-E888 Collaboration) (1996). "Search for the weak decay of an H dibaryon". Physical Review Letters. 76 (18): 3277–3280. arXiv:hep-ex/9603002. Bibcode:1996PhRvL..76.3277B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.76.3277. PMID 10060926. S2CID 15729745.
^ Stotzer, R. W.; et al. (BNL-E888 Collaboration) (1997). "Search for H dibaryon in ³He (K⁻, K⁺) Hn". Physical Review Letters. 78 (19): 3646–36490. Bibcode:1997PhRvL..78.3646S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.3646.
^ Alavi-Harati, A.; et al. (KTeV Collaboration) (2000). "Search for the weak decay of a lightly bound H⁰ dibaryon". Physical Review Letters. 84 (12): 2593–2597. arXiv:hep-ex/9910030. Bibcode:2000PhRvL..84.2593A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.2593. PMID 11017277. S2CID 119068614.
^ Ambartsumyan, V. A.; Saakyan, G. S. (1960). "The Degenerate Superdense Gas of Elementary Particles". Soviet Astronomy. 37: 193. Bibcode:1960SvA.....4..187A.
^ Krivoruchenko, M. I. (1987). "Strange, quark, and metastable neutron stars". JETP Letters. 46 (1): 3–6. Bibcode:1987ZhPmR..46....5K.
^ Kagiyama, S.; Nakamura, A.; Omodaka, T. (1992). "Compressible bag model and dibaryon stars". Zeitschrift für Physik C. 56 (4): 557–560. Bibcode:1992ZPhyC..56..557K. doi:10.1007/BF01474728. S2CID 121769383.
^ Faessler, A.; Buchmann, A. J.; Krivoruchenko, M. I. (1997). "Constraints to coupling constants of the ω- and σ-mesons with dibaryons". Physical Review C. 56 (3): 1576–1581. arXiv:nucl-th/9706080. Bibcode:1997PhRvC..56.1576F. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.56.1576. S2CID 119392781.
^ "Forschungszentrum Jülich press release".
^ "Massive news in the micro-world: a hexaquark particle". The Register.
^ Adlarson, P.; et al. (2014). "Evidence for a New Resonance from Polarized Neutron-Proton Scattering". Physical Review Letters. 112 (2): 202301. arXiv:1402.6844. Bibcode:2014PhRvL.112t2301A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.202301. S2CID 2280323.
^ Bashkanov, M. (2020). "A new possibility for light-quark dark matter". Journal of Physics G. 47 (3): 03LT01. arXiv:2001.08654. Bibcode:2020JPhG...47cLT01B. doi:10.1088/1361-6471/ab67e8. S2CID 210861179.
^ "Physicists Think We Might Have a New, Exciting Dark Matter Candidate". 4 March 2020.
^ "Did this newfound particle form the universe's dark matter?". Space.com. 5 March 2020.
^ Williams, M. (11 March 2020). "Is the "D-star Hexaquark" the Dark Matter Particle?". Universe Today.
^ "Ask Ethan: It's Absurd To Think Dark Matter Might Be Made Of Hexaquarks, Right?". Forbes.
^ Jaffe, R. L. (1977). "Perhaps a Stable Dihyperon?" (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 38 (5): 195–198. Bibcode:1977PhRvL..38..195J. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.38.195. OSTI 1446298.
^ Farrar, G. R. (2017). "Stable Sexaquark". arXiv:1708.08951 [hep-ph].
^ Kolb, E. W.; Turner, M. S. (2019). "Dibaryons cannot be the dark matter". Physical Review D. 99 (6): 063519. arXiv:1809.06003. Bibcode:2019PhRvD..99f3519K. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.99.063519. S2CID 86859713.
^ Gross, C.; Polosa, A.; Strumia, A.; Urbano, A.; Xue, W. (2018). "Dark matter in the standard model?". Physical Review D. 98 (6): 063005. arXiv:1803.10242. Bibcode:2018PhRvD..98f3005G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.98.063005. S2CID 119213361.
^ Farrar, G. R. (2003). "A Stable H-Dibaryon: Dark Matter, Candidate Within QCD?". International Journal of Theoretical Physics. 42 (6): 1211–1218. doi:10.1023/A:1025702431127. S2CID 122452089.
^ Farrar, G. R. (4 July 2019). "Stable Sexaquark: Dark Matter predictions, constraints and lab detection" (PDF). Quy Nhon Workshop.
^ Azizi, K.; Agaev, S. S.; Sundu, H. (2020). "The Scalar Hexaquark uuddss: a Candidate to Dark Matter?". Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics. 47 (9): 095001. arXiv:1904.09913. Bibcode:2020JPhG...47i5001A. doi:10.1088/1361-6471/ab9a0e. S2CID 127956495.
^ Lyu, Yan; Tong, Hui; Sugiura, Takuya; Aoki, Sinya; Doi, Takumi; Hatsuda, Tetsuo; Meng, Jie; Miyamoto, Takaya (2021-08-11). "Dibaryon with Highest Charm Number near Unitarity from Lattice QCD". Physical Review Letters. 127 (7): 072003. arXiv:2102.00181. Bibcode:2021PhRvL.127g2003L. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.072003. hdl:2433/265092. PMID 34459647.
^ "Exotic six-quark particle predicted by supercomputers". www.riken.jp. Retrieved 2022-01-21.

Particles in physics

Elementary

Fermions

Quarks	Up (quark antiquark) Down (quark antiquark) Charm (quark antiquark) Strange (quark antiquark) Top (quark antiquark) Bottom (quark antiquark)
Leptons	Electron Positron Muon Antimuon Tau Antitau Neutrino Electron neutrino Electron antineutrino Muon neutrino Muon antineutrino Tau neutrino Tau antineutrino

Bosons

Gauge	Photon Gluon W and Z bosons
Scalar	Higgs boson

Ghost fields

Faddeev–Popov ghosts

Hypothetical

Superpartners

Gauginos	Gluino Gravitino Photino
Others	Axino Chargino Higgsino Neutralino Sfermion (Stop squark)

Others

Composite

Hadrons

Baryons	Nucleon Proton Antiproton Neutron Antineutron Delta baryon Lambda baryon Sigma baryon Xi baryon Omega baryon
Mesons	Pion Rho meson Eta and eta prime mesons Bottom eta meson Phi meson J/psi meson Omega meson Upsilon meson Kaon B meson D meson Quarkonium
Exotic hadrons	Tetraquark (Double-charm tetraquark) Pentaquark