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Huaxiazhoulong - Wikipedia

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Huaxiazhoulong Temporal range: Late Cretaceous, Campanian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N

Speculative life restoration
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Dinosauria
Clade:	†Ornithischia
Clade:	†Thyreophora
Clade:	†Ankylosauria
Family:	†Ankylosauridae
Genus:	†Huaxiazhoulong Zhu et al., 2024
Species:	†H. shouwen
Binomial name
†Huaxiazhoulong shouwen Zhu et al., 2024

Huaxiazhoulong is an extinct genus of ankylosaurid dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) Tangbian Formation of Jiangxi Province, China. The genus contains a single species, H. shouwen, known from a partial skeleton.^[1]

Discovery and naming

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Huaxiazhoulong type locality in Jiangxi Province, China

The Huaxiazhoulong holotype specimen, JPM-N000, was discovered in 1986 in sediments of the Tangbian Formation in Longxi village of Guangchang County in Fuzhou Municipality of Jiangxi Province, southern China. It was subsequently collected by the Guangchang County Museum, and it is now deposited at the Jiangxi Provincial Museum. The specimen is largely complete and well-preserved, comprising nine dorsal vertebrae, a sacral vertebra, most of the caudal vertebrae including the co-ossified tail "handle" and club, several ribs, the scapulocoracoids, the sternum, both forelimbs with three metacarpals, both hindlimbs with four metatarsals, most of the pelvic girdle, and three isolated osteoderms.^[1]

In 2024, Zhu et al. described Huaxiazhoulong shouwen as a new genus and species of ankylosaurid dinosaurs based on these fossil remains. The generic name, Huaxiazhoulong, combines the pinyin forms of the Chinese words Huaxia ("China"), zhou ("armour"), and long ("dragon"). The specific name, shouwen, is pinyin for "painted in the shape of a beast".^[1]

Huaxiazhoulong is the second ankylosaur to be named from Jiangxi Province, following Datai from the Zhoutian Formation earlier in 2024.^[1]^[2]

Description

Huaxiazhoulong is a large ankylosaurid, with an estimated body length of 6 metres (20 ft). The holotype specimen likely represents a mature individual, as evidenced by the fusion of the neural arches to the vertebral centrum, the co-ossified scapula and coracoid, high olecranon process of the ulna, and proximal fusion of the anterior and greater trochanters on the femur.^[1]

Classifcation

To determine the phylogenetic relationships of Huaxiazhoulong, Zhu et al. (2024) scored it and the geographically similar Datai into the character matrices of Zheng et al. (2018) and Raven et al. (2023). Both analyses recovered Huaxiazhoulong as a basal member of the Ankylosauridae, closely related to Jinyunpelta. Their results are displayed in the cladograms below:

Topology A: Zheng et al. (2018) dataset^[3]

Basal ankylosaurians

Nodosauridae

Ankylosauridae

	Shamosaurus

	Gobisaurus

	Jinyunpelta

	Huaxiazhoulong

Crichtonpelta

Datai

Pinacosaurus spp.

Zuul

	Zaraapelta

	Tarchia

Topology B: Raven et al. (2023) dataset^[4]

Huaxiazhoulong

	Shamosaurus

	Gobisaurus

Crichtonpelta

Euoplocephalus

Dyoplosaurus

	Zuul

	Ziapelta

	Anodontosaurus

	Ankylosaurus

Datai

Scolosaurus

	Tarchia

	Minotaurasaurus

Saichania

Pinacosaurus spp.

	Zaraapelta

	Akainacephalus

	Tsagantegia

	Talarurus

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Zhu, Ziheng; Wu, Jie; You, Yue; Jia, Yingli; Chen, Chujiao; Yao, Xi; Zheng, Wenjie; Xu, Xing (2024-11-08). "A new ankylosaurid dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Jiangxi Province, southern China". Historical Biology: 1–17. doi:10.1080/08912963.2024.2417208. ISSN 0891-2963.
^ Xing, Lida; Niu, Kecheng; Mallon, Jordan; Miyashita, Tetsuto (2023). "A new armored dinosaur with double cheek horns from the early Late Cretaceous of southeastern China". Vertebrate Anatomy Morphology Palaeontology. 11. doi:10.18435/vamp29396. ISSN 2292-1389.
^ Zheng, Wenjie; Jin, Xingsheng; Azuma, Yoichi; Wang, Qiongying; Miyata, Kazunori; Xu, Xing (2018). "The most basal ankylosaurine dinosaur from the Albian–Cenomanian of China, with implications for the evolution of the tail club". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): Article number 3711. Bibcode:2018NatSR...8.3711Z. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-21924-7. PMC 5829254. PMID 29487376.
^ Raven, T. J.; Barrett, P. M.; Joyce, C. B.; Maidment, S. C. R. (2023). "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Thyreophora)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 21 (1). 2205433. Bibcode:2023JSPal..2105433R. doi:10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433.

Ankylosauria

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: Ornithischia
Clade: Thyreophora

Avemetatarsalia

- see Avemetatarsalia

Ornithischia

see Ornithischia
Ankylosauria	see below↓

Ankylosauria

Ankylosauria

Cryptosaurus Dracopelta Minmi Priodontognathus Sarcolestes Serendipaceratops? Sinankylosaurus Spicomellus Stegosaurides? Tianchisaurus Vectipelta
Parankylosauria	Antarctopelta Kunbarrasaurus? Stegouros

Acantholipan Ahshislepelta? Borealopelta Niobrarasaurus Nodosaurus Patagopelta Peloroplites? Sauropelta Silvisaurus Tatankacephalus
Panoplosaurini	Animantarx Denversaurus Edmontonia Panoplosaurus Texasetes
Struthiosaurini	Europelta Hungarosaurus Pawpawsaurus Stegopelta Struthiosaurus

Ankylosauridae

Shamosaurinae

Ankylosaurinae

Bissektipelta Crichtonpelta Crichtonsaurus Datai Jinyunpelta Minotaurasaurus Pinacosaurus Saichania Shanxia? Tarchia Tianzhenosaurus? Tsagantegia Zaraapelta
Ankylosaurini	Akainacephalus Ankylosaurus Anodontosaurus Dyoplosaurus Euoplocephalus Nodocephalosaurus Oohkotokia Platypelta Scolosaurus Talarurus Ziapelta Zuul

See also: Timeline
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