Hutt was a New Zealand parliamentary electorate. It was one of the original electorates in 1853 and existed during two periods until 1978. It was represented by 13 Members of Parliament.
Population centres
[edit]The Representation Act 1900 had increased the membership of the House of Representatives from general electorates 70 to 76, and this was implemented through the 1902 electoral redistribution. In 1902, changes to the country quota affected the three-member electorates in the four main centres. The tolerance between electorates was increased to ±1,250 so that the Representation Commissions (since 1896, there had been separate commissions for the North and South Islands) could take greater account of communities of interest. These changes proved very disruptive to existing boundaries, and six electorates were established for the first time, and two electorates that previously existed were re-established, including Hutt.[1]
The main population centre in the electorate was the city of Lower Hutt in the Hutt Valley.
History
[edit]The Hutt seat first existed from 1853 to 1870 as a two-member electorate.[2]
At the opening of the 6th session of the 2nd Parliament on 10 April 1858,[3] the speaker read out 14 resignations, including those of Dillon Bell and Samuel Revans.[4] Bell moved to Otago and continued his political career there. On 31 July 1858, a by-election was held, and Alfred Renall and William Fitzherbert were returned.[5][6]
From 1871 onwards, the electorate was a single-member constituency. Fitzherbert contested the general election on 29 December 1875 against Hutchison and obtained 178 votes, with Hutchison receiving 38.[7] He retained the Hutt electorate until his resignation in 1879, so that he could appointed to the Legislative Council. H. Jackson won the resulting by-election against T. Mason,[8] but Mason was successful against Jackson at the 1879 general election a few months later.[9]
The electorate was abolished in 1893.[2]
In 1902 the seat was recreated and was won by the Liberal leader Thomas Wilford. His party allegiance changed to the United Party, which took over from the Liberal Party by 1928. He resigned in 1929, and the ensuing by-election was won by Walter Nash. Nash became Minister of Finance and Prime Minister, who died in 1968. The seat was then held by Trevor Young, also for Labour.
When the seat was split into Eastern Hutt and Western Hutt in 1978, Young won the new Eastern Hutt seat for Labour.
Members of Parliament
[edit]Key:
Independent Conservative Liberal United Labour
1853 to 1870
[edit]From 1853 to 1870, Hutt was a two-member electorate represented by six Members of Parliament:[2]
1871 to 1893
[edit]From 1871 to 1893, the electorate was represented by a further four Members of Parliament, with Fitzherbert continuing his term:
Election | Winner | |
---|---|---|
1871 election | William Fitzherbert[6] | |
1875 election | ||
1879 by-election | Henry Jackson[8] | |
1879 election | Thomas Mason[9][10] | |
1881 election | ||
1884 election | Henry Samuel Fitzherbert | |
1887 election | ||
1890 election | Alfred Newman | |
(Electorate abolished 1893) |
1902 to 1978
[edit]From 1902 to 1978, the electorate was represented by three Members of Parliament:[2]
Election results
[edit]1975 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Trevor Young | 9,540 | 48.10 | −7.20 | |
National | Brett Newell | 8,521 | 42.96 | ||
Social Credit | Noel Riches | 985 | 4.96 | ||
Values | Paul Irik | 785 | 3.95 | ||
Majority | 1,019 | 5.13 | −12.73 | ||
Turnout | 19,831 | 83.29 | −8.53 | ||
Registered electors | 23,808 |
1972 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Trevor Young | 10,516 | 55.30 | +2.39 | |
National | Michael Fowler | 7,119 | 37.43 | ||
Social Credit | Annette Harvey | 719 | 3.78 | ||
Values | Max Overton | 595 | 3.12 | ||
New Democratic | Kenneth George Hurren | 67 | 0.35 | ||
Majority | 3,397 | 17.86 | +7.27 | ||
Turnout | 19,016 | 91.82 | +2.09 | ||
Registered electors | 20,709 |
1969 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Trevor Young | 8,861 | 52.91 | +5.12 | |
National | Don Lee | 7,086 | 42.31 | ||
Social Credit | Graeme Constable | 637 | 3.80 | ||
Independent | Nick Ursin | 162 | 0.96 | −1.40 | |
Majority | 1,775 | 10.59 | −0.56 | ||
Turnout | 16,746 | 89.73 | +21.69 | ||
Registered electors | 18,661 |
1968 by-election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Trevor Young | 5,968 | 47.79 | ||
National | John Kennedy-Good | 4,576 | 36.64 | −2.24 | |
Social Credit | Tom Weal | 1,649 | 5.18 | ||
Independent | Nick Ursin | 295 | 2.36 | ||
Majority | 1,392 | 11.15 | |||
Turnout | 12,488 | 68.04 | −18.74 | ||
Registered electors | 18,354 | ||||
Labour hold | Swing |
1966 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Sir Walter Nash | 7,861 | 51.70 | −6.91 | |
National | John Kennedy-Good | 5,912 | 38.88 | ||
Social Credit | Christina Dalglish | 1,431 | 9.41 | ||
Majority | 1,949 | 12.81 | −11.30 | ||
Turnout | 15,204 | 86.78 | −2.47 | ||
Registered electors | 17,520 |
1963 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Walter Nash | 8,865 | 58.61 | +4.35 | |
National | Vere Hampson-Tinadale | 5,217 | 34.49 | ||
Social Credit | Donald Milne | 972 | 6.42 | −0.68 | |
Majority | 3,648 | 24.11 | +7.37 | ||
Turnout | 15,125 | 89.25 | −0.05 | ||
Registered electors | 16,945 |
1960 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Walter Nash | 7,614 | 54.26 | −8.37 | |
National | George Barker | 5,265 | 37.52 | ||
Social Credit | Donald Milne | 997 | 7.10 | +1.47 | |
Independent | George Wain | 115 | 0.81 | ||
Communist | Ralph Hegman | 40 | 0.28 | ||
Majority | 2,349 | 16.74 | −14.17 | ||
Turnout | 14,031 | 89.30 | −3.85 | ||
Registered electors | 15,712 |
1957 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Walter Nash | 8,975 | 62.63 | +2.37 | |
National | Lance Adams-Schneider | 4,545 | 31.72 | ||
Social Credit | Donald Milne | 808 | 5.63 | ||
Majority | 4,430 | 30.91 | +4.41 | ||
Turnout | 14,328 | 93.15 | +4.91 | ||
Registered electors | 15,381 |
1954 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Walter Nash | 8,371 | 60.26 | +2.53 | |
National | Clevedon Costello | 4,690 | 33.76 | ||
Social Credit | Terry Maddison | 829 | 5.96 | ||
Majority | 3,681 | 26.50 | +11.88 | ||
Turnout | 13,890 | 88.24 | −1.30 | ||
Registered electors | 15,740 |
1951 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Walter Nash | 8,872 | 57.73 | +0.05 | |
National | Jack Andrews | 6,424 | 41.80 | ||
World Socialist | Thomas Simpson | 71 | 0.46 | −0.24 | |
Majority | 2,248 | 14.62 | −1.46 | ||
Turnout | 15,367 | 89.54 | −1.75 | ||
Registered electors | 17,161 |
1949 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Walter Nash | 8,153 | 57.68 | −0.99 | |
National | Horace Leonard Heatley | 5,880 | 41.60 | ||
World Socialist | Thomas Simpson | 100 | 0.70 | +0.34 | |
Majority | 2,273 | 16.08 | −2.83 | ||
Turnout | 14,133 | 91.29 | −1.51 | ||
Registered electors | 15,480 |
1946 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Walter Nash | 8,025 | 58.67 | −2.20 | |
National | Jim Vogel | 5,438 | 39.76 | ||
Independent Labour | George Laing | 163 | 1.19 | ||
World Socialist | Thomas Simpson | 50 | 0.36 | ||
Majority | 2,587 | 18.91 | −17.38 | ||
Turnout | 13,676 | 92.80 | −1.13 | ||
Registered electors | 14,737 |
1943 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Walter Nash | 8,823 | 60.87 | +11.97 | |
Real Democracy | John H. Hogan[18] | 3,563 | 24.58 | ||
National | Norman Percival Croft | 3,017 | 20.81 | ||
Democratic Labour | Patrick Connors | 437 | 3.01 | ||
Informal votes | 178 | 1.22 | +0.45 | ||
Majority | 5,260 | 36.29 | −10.15 | ||
Turnout | 16,018 | 93.93 | −2.00 | ||
Registered electors | 17,052 |
1938 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Walter Nash | 10,687 | 72.84 | −1.41 | |
National | Jack Andrews | 3,873 | 26.39 | ||
Majority | 6,814 | 46.44 | +2.07 | ||
Informal votes | 114 | 0.77 | −0.74 | ||
Turnout | 14,671 | 95.93 | +6.05 | ||
Registered electors | 15,292 |
1935 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Walter Nash | 11,873 | 74.25 | +15.17 | |
Reform | Victor Jacobsen | 4,116 | 25.74 | ||
Informal votes | 243 | 1.51 | +0.77 | ||
Majority | 7,757 | 48.51 | +30.36 | ||
Turnout | 15,989 | 89.88 | +2.90 | ||
Registered electors | 17,788 |
1931 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Walter Nash | 9,187 | 59.08 | +18.54 | |
United | James Kerr[nb 1] | 6,364 | 40.92 | +2.09 | |
Informal votes | 116 | 0.74 | |||
Majority | 2,823 | 18.15 | +16.45 | ||
Turnout | 15,667 | 86.98 | +3.39 | ||
Registered electors | 18,013 |
Table footnotes:
- ^ For some biographical details of James Kerr refer to his father's article.
1929 by-election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Walter Nash | 5,047 | 40.53 | −4.55 | |
United | James Kerr[mb 1] | 4,835 | 38.83 | ||
Reform | Harold Johnston[mb 2] | 2,570 | 20.64 | ||
Majority | 212 | 1.70 | −8.14 | ||
Informal votes | 103 | 0.82 | −1.31 | ||
Turnout | 12,555 | 84.27 | −6.67 | ||
Registered electors | 14,898 |
Table footnotes:
- ^ For some biographical details of Kerr refer to his father's article.
- ^ For some biographical details of Johnston refer to his father's article.
1928 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
United | Thomas Wilford | 7,283 | 54.92 | −3.21 | |
Labour | Walter Nash | 5,978 | 45.08 | +4.10 | |
Informal votes | 288 | 2.13 | +1.26 | ||
Majority | 1,305 | 9.84 | −7.31 | ||
Turnout | 13,549 | 90.95 | −0.9 | ||
Registered electors | 14,898 |
1925 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Thomas Wilford | 6,080 | 58.13 | +16.98 | |
Labour | Walter Nash | 4,286 | 40.98 | ||
Informal votes | 92 | 0.87 | +0.01 | ||
Majority | 1,794 | 17.15 | +8.25 | ||
Turnout | 10,458 | 91.04 | −0.17 | ||
Registered electors | 11,487 |
1922 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Thomas Wilford | 3,707 | 41.15 | −0.44 | |
Labour | David Pritchard | 2,905 | 32.25 | +2.87 | |
Reform | Henry Bennett | 2,317 | 25.72 | ||
Informal votes | 78 | 0.86 | +0.04 | ||
Majority | 802 | 8.90 | −3.31 | ||
Turnout | 9,007 | 91.21 | +8.77 | ||
Registered electors | 9,874 |
1919 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Thomas Wilford | 3,422 | 41.59 | −15.13 | |
Labour | David Pritchard | 2,417 | 29.38 | ||
Reform | Percy Rishworth | 2,319 | 28.19 | ||
Informal votes | 68 | 0.82 | −1.21 | ||
Majority | 1,005 | 12.21 | −1.24 | ||
Turnout | 8,226 | 82.44 | −0.59 | ||
Registered electors | 9,983 |
1914 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Thomas Wilford | 3,977 | 56.72 | −6.39 | |
United Labour | Albert Samuel | 3,034 | 43.27 | ||
Informal votes | 143 | 2.03 | +0.69 | ||
Majority | 943 | 13.45 | −14.55 | ||
Turnout | 7,011 | 83.03 | +0.57 | ||
Registered electors | 8,443 |
1911 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Thomas Wilford | 3,471 | 50.33 | −11.27 | |
Labour | Michael Reardon | 1,540 | 22.33 | ||
Independent | John McEwan | 911 | 13.21 | ||
Reform | Richard Shortt | 881 | 12.77 | −23.66 | |
Informal votes | 93 | 1.34 | −0.52 | ||
Majority | 1,931 | 28.00 | +2.83 | ||
Turnout | 6,896 | 83.60 | +5.15 | ||
Registered electors | 8,248 |
1908 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Thomas Wilford | 3,764 | 61.60 | +7.08 | |
Conservative | Richard Shortt | 2,226 | 36.43 | ||
Informal votes | 120 | 1.96 | +1.05 | ||
Majority | 1,538 | 25.17 | +6.67 | ||
Turnout | 6,110 | 78.45 | −3.97 | ||
Registered electors | 7,788 |
1905 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Thomas Wilford | 3,452 | 57.49 | +2.97 | |
New Liberal | George Yerex[33] | 1,540 | 25.64 | ||
Independent | George London | 957 | 15.93 | ||
Informal votes | 55 | 0.91 | |||
Majority | 1,912 | 31.84 | +20.48 | ||
Turnout | 6,004 | 82.42 | +5.83 | ||
Registered electors | 7,284 |
1902 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Thomas Wilford | 2,115 | 54.52 | ||
Independent Liberal | Frederick Pirani | 1,674 | 43.15 | ||
Independent | Joseph Collier | 90 | 2.32 | ||
Majority | 441 | 11.36 | |||
Turnout | 3,879 | 76.59 | |||
Registered electors | 5,064 |
1890 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Alfred Newman | 680 | 42.63 | ||
Liberal | George Thomas London | 502 | 31.47 | ||
Independent | Charles Beard Izard | 413 | 25.89 | ||
Majority | 178 | 11.15 | |||
Turnout | 1,595 | 66.45 | |||
Registered electors | 2,400 |
1858 by-election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | William Fitzherbert | 229 | 30.29 | − | |
Independent | Alfred Renall | 228 | 30.16 | − | |
Independent | George Hart | 153 | 20.24 | − | |
Independent | Peter Cheyne | 146 | 19.31 | − | |
Majority | 75[a] | 9.92 | − | ||
Total votes | 756 | - | - |
Table footnotes:
- ^ Majority is the difference between lowest winning poll (Renall: 228) and highest losing poll (Hart: 153)
1856 by-election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | Samuel Revans | 96 | 80.0 | ||
Independent | George Hart | 24 | 20.0 | ||
Turnout | 120 | ||||
Majority | 72 |
Notes
[edit]- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 67f.
- ^ a b c d Wilson 1985, p. 265.
- ^ "THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF NEW ZEALAND". Otago Witness. No. 340. 5 June 1858. p. 4. Retrieved 30 April 2010.
- ^ "HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES". Otago Witness. No. 340. 5 June 1858. p. 5. Retrieved 30 April 2010.
- ^ "Wellington". Hawke's Bay Herald. Vol. 1, no. 48. 21 August 1858. p. 3. Retrieved 3 July 2010.
- ^ a b Hamer, David (22 June 2007). "Fitzherbert, William 1810 - 1891". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Retrieved 1 July 2010.
- ^ "The Hutt Election". The Evening Post. Vol. XII, no. 154. 30 December 1875. p. 2. Retrieved 2 July 2010.
- ^ a b "The Hutt Election". The Evening Post. Vol. XVIII, no. 3. 3 July 1879. p. 2. Retrieved 2 July 2010.
- ^ a b "The new Parliament". Clutha Leader. Vol. VI, no. 310. 12 September 1879. p. 5. Retrieved 30 June 2010.
- ^ "The Hutt Election". The Evening Post. Vol. XVIII, no. 62. 10 September 1879. p. 2. Retrieved 2 July 2010.
- ^ a b c Norton 1988, p. 252.
- ^ a b c d e f g Norton 1988, pp. 251.
- ^ "The General Election, 1949". National Library. 1950. pp. 1–5, 8. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
- ^ "The General Election, 1946". National Library. 1947. pp. 1–11, 14. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
- ^ "The General Election, 1943". National Library. 1944. p. 11. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
- ^ "Results from all Electorates". Evening Post. Vol. CXXXVI, no. 76. 27 September 1943. p. 6. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
- ^ "City Nominations". Evening Post. Vol. CXXXVI, no. 61. 9 September 1943. p. 9. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
- ^ Calderwood, David (2010). Not a Fair Go: A History and Analysis of Social Credit’s Struggle for Success in New Zealand’s Electoral System (PDF) (M.A. Political Science thesis). University of Waikato. p. 28. Retrieved 18 April 2015.
- ^ "The General Election, 1938". National Library. 1939. pp. 1–6. Retrieved 8 February 2012.
- ^ The General Election, 1935. Government Printer. 1936. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
- ^ The General Election, 1931. Government Printer. 1932. p. 3. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
- ^ "The Hutt Seat". The Evening Post. Vol. CXII, no. 108. 3 November 1931. p. 8. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
- ^ The General Election, 1928. Government Printer. 1929. p. 3. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
- ^ The General Election, 1925. Government Printer. 1926. p. 2. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
- ^ The New Zealand Official Year-Book. Government Printer. 1924. Archived from the original on 21 January 2015. Retrieved 24 November 2013.
- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 83f.
- ^ Hislop 1923, pp. 1–6.
- ^ Hislop, J. (1921). The General Election, 1919. National Library. pp. 1–6. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
- ^ Hislop, J. (1915). The General Election, 1914. National Library. pp. 1–33. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
- ^ "The General Election, 1911". National Library. 1912. pp. 1–14. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
- ^ "The General Election, 1908". National Library. 1909. pp. 1–34. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
- ^ The General Election, 1905. p. 3. Retrieved 26 November 2015.
- ^ "The New Liberal Party in Wellington". Otago Daily Times. 17 October 1905. p. 5. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
- ^ The General Election, 1902. National Library. 1903. p. 1. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
- ^ "The General Election, 1890". National Library. 1891. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
- ^ "Country Districts Election". The Wellington Independent. Vol. X, no. 1310. 4 August 1858. p. 3. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
- ^ "Memorial of Merchants, Tradesmen, and Others". Lyttelton Times. Vol. VI, no. 427. 6 December 1856. p. 3. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
- ^ "Memorial of Merchants, Tradesmen, and Others". Lyttelton Times. Vol. VI, no. 427. 6 December 1856. p. 3. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
References
[edit]- Hislop, J. (1923). The General Election, 1922. Government Printer. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
- McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
- Norton, Clifford (1988). New Zealand Parliamentary Election Results 1946-1987: Occasional Publications No 1, Department of Political Science. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington. ISBN 0-475-11200-8.
- Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.