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Polonium hydride - Wikipedia

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(Redirected from Hydrogen polonide)

Polonium hydride
Names

Polonium, Po Hydrogen, H
Preferred IUPAC name Polonium hydride
Systematic IUPAC name Polane
Other names Hydrogen polonide Polonium dihydride Dihydridopolonium
Identifiers
CAS Number	31060-73-8
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:30444
ChemSpider	22383
Gmelin Reference	25163, 169602
PubChem CID	23941
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID401313749
SMILES [PoH2]
Properties
Chemical formula	PoH₂
Molar mass	210.998 g/mol
Melting point	−35.3 °C (−31.5 °F; 237.8 K)^[1]
Boiling point	36.1 °C (97.0 °F; 309.2 K)^[1]
Conjugate base	Polonide
Structure
Molecular shape	Bent
Related compounds
Other anions	H₂O H₂S H₂Se H₂Te
Other cations	TlH₃ PbH₄ BiH₃ HAt
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Polonium hydride (also known as polonium dihydride, hydrogen polonide, or polane) is a chemical compound with the formula Po H₂. It is a liquid at room temperature, the second hydrogen chalcogenide with this property after water. It is very unstable chemically and tends to decompose into elemental polonium and hydrogen. It is a volatile and very labile compound, from which many polonides can be derived. Additionally, it is radioactive.^[2]

Preparation

Polonium hydride cannot be produced by direct reaction from the elements upon heating. Other unsuccessful routes to synthesis include the reaction of polonium tetrachloride (PoCl₄) with lithium aluminium hydride (LiAlH₄), which only produces elemental polonium, and the reaction of hydrochloric acid with magnesium polonide (MgPo). The fact that these synthesis routes do not work may be caused by the radiolysis of polonium hydride upon formation.^[3]

Trace quantities of polonium hydride may be prepared by reacting hydrochloric acid with polonium-plated magnesium foil. In addition, the diffusion of trace quantities of polonium in palladium or platinum that is saturated with hydrogen (see palladium hydride) may be due to the formation and migration of polonium hydride.^[3]

Properties

Polonium hydride is a more covalent compound than most metal hydrides because polonium straddles the border between metals and metalloids and has some nonmetallic properties. It is intermediate between a hydrogen halide like hydrogen chloride and a metal hydride like stannane.

It should have properties similar to that of hydrogen selenide and hydrogen telluride, other borderline hydrides. It is expected to be an endothermic compound, like the lighter hydrogen telluride and hydrogen selenide, and therefore would decompose into its constituent elements, releasing heat in the process. The amount of heat given off in the decomposition of polonium hydride is over 100 kJ/mol, the largest of all the hydrogen chalcogenides.

It is predicted that, like the other hydrogen chalcogenides, polonium may form two types of salts: polonide (containing the Po²⁻ anion) and one from polonium hydride (containing –PoH, which would be the polonium analogue of thiol, selenol and tellurol). However, no salts from polonium hydride are known. An example of a polonide is lead polonide (PbPo), which occurs naturally as lead is formed in the alpha decay of polonium.^[4]

Polonium hydride is difficult to work with due to the extreme radioactivity of polonium and its compounds and has only been prepared in very dilute tracer quantities. As a result, its physical properties are not definitely known.^[3] It is also unknown if polonium hydride forms an acidic solution in water like its lighter homologues, or if it behaves more like a metal hydride (see also hydrogen astatide).

References

^ ^a ^b Holleman, Arnold F.; Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils (1985). Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie (in German) (102 ed.). Walter de Gruyter. p. 627. ISBN 978-3-11-017770-1.
^ Holleman, Arnold Frederik; Wiberg, Egon (2001), Wiberg, Nils (ed.), Inorganic Chemistry, translated by Eagleson, Mary; Brewer, William, San Diego/Berlin: Academic Press/De Gruyter, p. 594, ISBN 0-12-352651-5
^ ^a ^b ^c Bagnall, K. W. (1962). "The Chemistry of Polonium". Advances in Inorganic Chemistry and Radiochemistry. New York: Academic Press. pp. 197–230. ISBN 9780120236046. Retrieved June 7, 2012.
^ Weigel, F. (1959). "Chemie des Poloniums". Angewandte Chemie. 71 (9): 289–316. Bibcode:1959AngCh..71..289W. doi:10.1002/ange.19590710902.

v t e Polonium compounds
Polonium(−II)	Li₂Po Na₂Po K₂Po Rb₂Po Cs₂Po BePo MgPo CaPo SrPo BaPo ZnPo CdPo HgPo PbPo
Polonium(II)	PoH₂ PoCl₂ PoBr₂ PoI₂ PoO PoS Po(OH)₂ Po(NO₃)₂ "PoSO₃" "PoSeO₃"
Polonium(IV)	PoF₄ PoCl₄ PoBr₄ PoI₄ PoCl₂Br₂ PoO₂ PoO(OH)₂ Po(SO₄)₂ Po(SeO₄)₂ Po(NO₃)₄ Po(CO₃)₂ Po₃(PO₄)₄ Po(CrO₄)₂ Po(IO₃)₄ H₂PoBr₆ Cs₂PoCl₆ Cs₂PoBr₆ Cs₂PoI₆ H₂PoO₃ K₂PoO₃ Po(C₂O₄)₂ Po(CH₃CO₂)₄ Po(CN)₄
Polonium(VI)	PoF₆ PoO₃

Binary compounds of hydrogen

Alkali metal
(Group 1) hydrides

Alkaline
(Group 2)
earth hydrides

Monohydrides	BeH MgH CaH SrH BaH

Dihydrides	BeH₂ MgH₂ CaH₂ SrH₂ BaH₂

Group 13
hydrides

Boranes	BH₃ BH B₂H₆ B₂H₂ B₂H₄ B₄H₁₀ B₅H₉ B₅H₁₁ B₆H₁₀ B₆H₁₂ B₁₀H₁₄ B₁₈H₂₂

Alanes	AlH₃ Al₂H₆

Gallanes	GaH₃ Ga₂H₆

Indiganes	InH₃ In₂H₆

Thallanes	TlH₃ Tl₂H₆

Nihonanes (predicted)	NhH NhH₃ Nh₂H₆ NhH₅

Group 14 hydrides

Hydrocarbons	alkanes alkenes alkynes Cycloalkanes Cycloalkenes Cycloalkynes Annulenes

Silanes	SiH₄ Si₂H₆ Si₃H₈ Si₄H₁₀ Si₅H₁₂ Si₆H₁₄ Si₇H₁₆ Si₈H₁₈ Si₉H₂₀ Si₁₀H₂₂ more...

Silenes	Si₂H₄

Silynes	Si₂H₂ SiH

Germanes	GeH₄ Ge₂H₆ Ge₃H₈ Ge₄H₁₀ Ge₅H₁₂

Stannanes	SnH₄ Sn₂H₆

Plumbanes	PbH₄

Flerovanes (predicted)	FlH FlH₂ FlH₄

Pnictogen
(Group 15) hydrides

Azanes	NH₃ N₂H₄ N₃H₅ N₄H₆ N₅H₇ N₆H₈ N₇H₉ N₈H₁₀ N₉H₁₁ N₁₀H₁₂ more...

Azenes	N₂H₂ N₃H₃ N₄H₄

Phosphanes	PH₃ P₂H₄ P₃H₅ P₄H₆ P₅H₇ P₆H₈ P₇H₉ P₈H₁₀ P₉H₁₁ P₁₀H₁₂ more...

Phosphenes	P₂H₂ P₃H₃ P₄H₄

Arsanes	AsH₃ As₂H₄

Stibanes	SbH₃

Bismuthanes	BiH₃

Moscovanes	McH₃ (predicted)

HN₃
NH
HN₅
NH₅ (hypothetical)

Hydrogen
chalcogenides
(Group 16 hydrides)

Polyoxidanes	H₂O H₂O₂ H₂O₃ H₂O₄ H₂O₅ more...

Polysulfanes	H₂S H₂S₂ H₂S₃ H₂S₄ H₂S₅ H₂S₆ H₂S₇ H₂S₈ H₂S₉ H₂S₁₀ more...

Selanes	H₂Se H₂Se₂

Tellanes	H₂Te H₂Te₂

Polanes	PoH₂

Livermoranes	LvH₂ (predicted)

HO
HO₂
HO₃
H₂O⁺–O^– (hypothetical)
HS
HDO
D₂O
T₂O

Hydrogen halides
(Group 17 hydrides)

HCl

HBr

HAt

HTs (predicted)

Transition metal hydrides

Lanthanide hydrides

Actinide hydrides

Exotic matter hydrides

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