Ibtihaj Muhammad
Born	(1985-12-04) December 4, 1985 (age 39) Maplewood, New Jersey, US
Residence	New York City, New York, US
Height	1.70 m (5 ft 7 in)
Weight	68 kg (150 lb)
Sport
Country	United States
Weapon	Sabre
Hand	Right
Club	Peter Westbrook Foundation
Head coach	Ed Korfanty
FIE ranking	Current ranking
Medal record Olympic Games 2016 Rio de Janeiro Team World Championships 2014 Kazan Team 2011 Catania Team 2012 Kyiv Team 2013 Budapest Team 2015 Moscow Team

Ibtihaj Muhammad (born December 4, 1985) is an American former sabre fencer, writer, and fashion designer. She is best known for being the first woman to wear hijab while competing for the United States in the Olympics Games,^[1] and for being part of the sabre team that won a bronze medal in the Olympics .

Muhammad was raised in Maplewood, New Jersey, a predominantly white suburb 25 miles (40 km) from Manhattan, and is African American.^[2][3][4] Her parents were born in the United States, and converted to Islam.^[5][6] Her father, Eugene Muhammad, is a retired Newark, New Jersey police officer, and her mother, Denise Garner, was an elementary school special education teacher.^[4][7][8] She is the third child of five siblings.^[9]

At Columbia High School in Maplewood, she joined the school fencing team at age 13.^[9][10] Her former coach Frank Mustilli had her switch weapons, from épée to sabre.^[10][11] She said that sabre fit her personality more, inasmuch as "I’m very aggressive, that’s who I am."^[12] She graduated in 2003.^[9][13][14]

In 2002, Muhammad joined the Peter Westbrook Foundation in New York City.^[15]

She attended Duke University and graduated in 2007 with an International Relations and African-American Studies double major.^[6][16][17]

Muhammad was a member of the United States National Fencing Team starting in 2010. Her team coach was Ed Korfanty.^[18] She, as of 2016, ranked No. 2 in the United States and No. 7 in the world. She was a five-time Senior World medalist, all in team events, including 2014 World Team Champion in the team event.^[19]

Muhammad was part of the 2016 Team USA sabre team that won a bronze medal in the sabre team event, along with two-time Olympic champion Mariel Zagunis, two-time Olympian Dagmara Wozniak, and Monica Aksamit; Muhammad won four of her eight bouts.^[7][20][21] She attracted media attention as the first woman to wear hijab while competing for the United States in the Olympic Games.^[22] The team defeated Italy 45–30 in the medal match. This came after the team defeated Poland 45–43, and lost to Russia 42–45.

Muhammad as visibly Muslim (due to her hijab) became "one of the best symbols against intolerance America can ever have", according to The Guardian in 2016.^[23]

She was last ranked as a fencer in 2017, when Muhammad was ranked 37th in the world.^[24]

Muhammad is facing a defamation lawsuit in New Jersey Superior Court, following an October 2022 filing by a New Jersey elementary school 30-year veteran teacher who had no prior disciplinary history.^[25] The teacher alleges that Muhammad ruined the teacher's reputation and career in viral now-deleted social media posts over an October 2021 incident involving one of the teacher's seven-year-old second-grade students at Seth Boyden Elementary School in Maplewood, New Jersey.^[26][27] Muhammad claimed the teacher took the child's hijab off, exposing her hair to the class, and told the child she did not have to wear hijab to school anymore; the teacher's lawyer said that was "100-percent untrue".^[28][29] The posts included a photo and statement about Muhammad's then-recently published book.^[30]

The teacher alleges that due to lies in Muhammad's posts the teacher's reputation was ruined, she was threatened and bullied, she was placed on leave by the South Orange-Maplewood School District, and she also faced antisemitic vitriol.^[26][27] She alleged that Muhammad was "motivated by a combination of greed and a fierce desire to burnish [her brand as fighter] against Islamophobia."^[26]

Muhammad sought to have the teacher's case against her, alleging defamation per se and false light invasion of privacy, dismissed, but the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law Division, Union County, ruled against Muhammad. Muhammad then appealed, still seeking to have the case dismissed.^[30][31]

In October 2024, the New Jersey Superior Court, Appellate Division denied Muhammad's appeal, and allowed the teacher's case against Muhammad to continue.^[31][30] The teacher alleged, among other things, that Muhammad did not make any effort to verify the truth of the accusations because she did not care whether the allegations were true or false, "because making them would generate publicity for her."^[30][31] The appellate court agreed with the trial court that the teacher sufficiently alleged that Muhammad's posts were done with actual malice.^[30][31]

In 2014, Muhammad and her siblings launched a clothing company, Louella by Ibtihaj, which aims to bring modest fashionable clothing to the United States market.^[5] She is also a sports ambassador, serving on the U.S. Department of State’s Empowering Women and Girls Through Sport Initiative. She has traveled to various countries to engage in dialogue on the importance of sports and education.^[32][33]

In 2017, as part of its International Women's Day campaign, Mattel introduced a line of female role model Barbies, including one in a Hijab; and Barbie's first doll fencer, which is designed after Muhammad.^[34][35]

She is the author of a memoir and children books about her life growing up in New Jersey and her Olympic experience:^[36] Her children's books have been finalists for the Forest of Reading's Blue Spruce Award twice, for The Proudest Blue in 2021 and The Kindest Red in 2024.^[37][38]

• Muhammad, Ibtihaj. (2018) Proud: My Fight for an Unlikely American Dream.^[39] New York: Hachette Books. ISBN 9780316518963
• Muhammad, Ibtihaj. (2018) (Young Readers Edition) Proud: Living My American Dream.^[39] New York: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 9780316477000
• Muhammad, Ibtihaj. (2018) The Proudest Blue: A Story of Hijab and Family.^[39] New York: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 9780316519007
• Muhammad, Ibtihaj. (2023) The Kindest Red: A Story of Hijab and Friendship. New York: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 9780759555709
• Muhammad, Ibtihaj. (2024) The Boldest White: A Story of Hijab and Community. New York: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 9780759555716

• Muslim women in sport
• List of USFA Division I National Champions

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ibtihaj Muhammad.

• Ibtihaj Muhammad at the International Fencing Federation
• Ibtihaj Muhammad at USA Fencing at the Wayback Machine (archived December 6, 2016)
• Ibtihaj Muhammad at Olympics.com
• Ibtihaj Muhammad at Olympics at Sports-Reference.com (archived)